数值

To obtain both construction security and the feasibility in tunnel engineering, and to understand the contact mechanism in these complex cutting cases, this numerical approach simplifies normal wedge cutter indented into intact rock for simulating the process of fragmentation using a two-dimensional tool of distinct element method, so-named PFC2D.

故本研究以分离元素法之二维数值软体PFC2D为本；进行模拟楔形刃口正向贯入岩材之接触破坏行为，以数值耦合（PFC2D＆FLAC）之方式，先就单压及巴西试验作校验，再应用於贯切破坏之模拟，并比对贯切行为之理论模式与相关实验数据，俾能提供隧道工程与地下管道机械开挖之安全性与施工效率探讨之佐证。

To observe global/local failure in macro- and micro-scope respectively, and to speed up numerical approach for some cases, this research also tries to combine PFC2D software with the finite difference method of FLAC code to carry out three issues:(1) uniaxial test; and (2) Brazilian test to assess this linking/coupling numerical algorism, then (3) indentation fracture test in rock by a single-cutting tool.

本研究并於国内首次使用分离元素法软体PFC2D与有限差分法软体FLAC两二维数值软体进行贯切破坏之数值耦合运算，利用耦合概念加速分析之运算速度，两软体之连结透过力与速度之交换传递。

By the method,welding deformation of the SS (7E) locomotive bogie frame side beam was predicated.The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data,and indic...

用这种方法，对SS7E电力机车构架侧梁焊接变形进行了数值预测，预测结果与实测变形值相当吻合，这不仅证明了该方法的有效性，同时也为构架焊接质量控制提供了重要的数值手段

Compared with the experimental results, it is also found that the gain size of the simulation is greatly similar to that of the experiment after shearing deformation of each pass.

数值仿真结果与试验对比显示，两者结果一致，说明利用数值仿真可以预测等径角挤压块体材料晶粒尺寸的演变过程。

Three regional climate models (MM4,RegCM2 and P-σ incorporated coordinate model)have been used to simulate the regional climate over eastern China in July .It is found that these three models have different performances in simulating different climate elements such as 500 hPa geopotential high field ,temperature fields,sea level pressure and rainy belt location.The results are important for developing regional climate model system which is suitable for eastern China and improving the simulation and forecast results.

利用MM4中尺度数值模式、RegCM2模式和P-σ混合坐标五层区域气候模式，以GFDL多年平均的6月份气候场作初始场，对我国东部地区7月份的区域气候进行数值模拟，比较、检验了三个模式模拟中国东部区域气候的性能，发现对500 hPa高度场、温度场、海平面气压场、雨带位置等不同的模拟对象，三个模式各有优劣，其结果对于发展适合我国东部地区的区域气候模式系统、改进模拟和预测效果具有一定的参考意义。

By using a shooting method, the strongly nonlinear ordinary differential equations with two-point boundary conditions were solved and numerical solutions for thermal post-buckling and bending deformation of sandwich Timoshenko beam with pinned-pinned ends and subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rising were obtained.

采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题，获得两端不可移简支夹层梁在横向非均匀升温作用下的静态热过屈曲和热弯曲变形数值解。

By applying the sinusoidal wave mode to simulate the rugged surface of bridge deck,accounting for vehicle-bridge interaction and using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, a coupling vibration model of vehicle-bridge system was developed. The model was solved by mode analyzing method and Runge-Kutta method, and the dynamic response and the resonance curve of the bridge were obtained. It is found that there are two resonance regions, one represents the main resonance while the other the minor resonance, in the reson...

通过用正弦波形模拟桥面的不平和考虑移动车辆-桥梁间的相互作用，在Euler＿Bernoulli梁理论的基础上建立了一种车桥系统的耦合振动模型·利用模态分析法和Runge＿Kutta法对模型进行数值求解，获得了车桥系统耦合振动的动态响应和共振曲线·发现车桥耦合振动的共振曲线中存在两个共振区域，一个反映主共振而另一个反映次共振·讨论了桥面不平、桥梁振型和车辆间的相互作用对系统振动的影响·数值结果表明，这些参数对系统振动的影响很大，桥面不平和振型对车桥系统耦合振动的影响不能忽略，设计车速应该远离临界车速

The method comprises the following steps of: starting the watchdog; counting from 0, the watchdog detects that the system reads the counting value; calculating the remainder after the counting value is divided by a pre-arranged value; re-counting from the remainder by the watchdog.

方法包括：看门狗启动，从0开始计数，看门狗检测到系统读取计数值，计算计数值除以预设值后所得的余数，看门狗从该余数起重新开始计数。

This is going purely by-the-book. The number strikes me as extremely dubious, since I am fairly certain there is a damage range to the living bomb explosion. More testing is needed on this.

NOTE：法术数据在游戏中的提示显示数值和从数据文件中提取的有些差异，上面的数据除了奥术飞弹外均使用游戏内提示的数值。

The reason of this defect was also provided in present study. Since numerical results about flow around elliptical microplane are seldom seen in formal publications, and to check efficiency of the three-dimensional solver we used, the three-dimensional separation flow around a spheroid was numerically simulated in present study, and results agree with those of Patel et al were derived.

由于目前极少能够找到正式发表的椭圆形微型飞机绕流的实验和数值模拟结果，作为三维程序验证，本文对旋转椭球体周围的三维分离流动进行了数值模拟，得到了与Patel等人一致的结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。