数值

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

Mainly, we deriver time-accurate wavelet-based schemes for convection equation ,furthermore, we use it for numerical solution of convection equation and make a comparison with exact solution and solution derived from WGM.

主要的，对于对流方程，推导出了时间精度高的基于正交小波基的小波泰勒伽略金格式，进一步用这个格式计算了对流方程的数值解，并和WGM格式得到的数值解以及精确解作了比较，从而验证了格式的正确性。

When a description of an arithmetic operator below uses the phrase "the numeric arguments are converted to a common type," this means that the operator implementation for built-in types works that way

在下面的数值运算符描述中的"数值型参数被转换为通用类型"，是指这些操作符对内置类型按如下方式工作

This paper measured the constitutive relation of soil in the condition of the low stain-rate by Split Hopkinson Press Bar technology. It offers the reference for study in high stain-rate in the future. And simulated the explosion between soil and concrete by finite element dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA3D. Finished the numerical simulation for power of exploding between soil and concrete in different position of detonator and different scale model. Set out the curves of displacement, velocity, acceleration and pressure of different position. Obtained the destructibility of concrete target in different explosion condition. It offers data reference for theory studying and engineering designing.

本文首先利用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验技术测定了土在低应变率下的本构关系，为以后进行较高应变率下的研究提供了参考；后面着重利用三维显式非线性有限元动力分析软件LS-DYNA3D对土壤混凝土介质中的爆炸进行了数值模拟，采用土壤混凝土分层介质模型，完成了不同装药位置、不同缩比模型的混凝土模型中爆炸威力的数值模拟，测定了不同情况下的压力曲线及典型位置的质点位移、速度、加速度和压力，得出了混凝土靶在各种不同爆炸条件下的破坏情况，为理论研究和工程设计提供了数据参考。

Methods in this paper are also available to simulate three-dimensional two-phase detonation, and other twophase flow problems.

本文的方法可应用于三维两相爆轰的数值模拟，以及其他两相流问题的数值研究。

Operational Parameters/Critical Parameters cont'd Operational Parameters: Operational parameter values are identified for those process parameters where substantial excursion from the specified range could reasonably be expected to reach or exceed a critical value that would detrimentally affect the quality of the resulting product.

操作参数/关键参数操作参数：在偏离规定范围，达到或超过临界数值从而对结果产品造成质量损害的情况下，要找出那些工艺参数的操作参数数值。

In order to analyze the influence of the center air pipe diameter change on the combustion effect, numerical modeling was applied to numerical calculation on the temperature field of such type of boiler,through which temperature field in five different schemes were obtained. In addition, the influence law of change of the diameter of the center air pipe on the temperature field was analyzed. The temperature of the nearly-back wall region takes on a firstly decreasing and then increasing change with the diametrical decrease of the central wind pipe.

为研究改变中心风管直径后的4层燃烧器对炉膛燃烧的影响，采用数值模拟的方法对该型锅炉炉内的温度场进行数值计算，得到5种不同方案下该型锅炉炉内的温度场分布，并分析了中心风管直径的改变对炉内温度场的影响规律，即后墙近壁区温度随着中心风管直径的减小呈现先降低后升高的趋势。

In Chapter 2, starting from the basic fractional ordinary differential equations,weapply a high order approximation of fractional derivative advanced by Lubich to frac-tional differential equation, construct a high numerical difference scheme to solve thefractional differential equation, present error analysis of the algorithms theoretically,and prove the consistency ,convergency and stability.

接下来的第二章中，首先从基本的分数阶常微分方程出发，对Lubich提出的一个关于分数阶导数的高阶近似，将其应用于分数阶微分方程，构造高阶数值差分格式来进行分数阶微分方程的数值求解，并在理论上给出这一算法的误差分析，证明了它的相容性，收敛性和稳定性。

Based on initial condition, during certain time span, numerical analysis method of differential equation, algebra iteration and optimization method are used to solve response of generalized system and to analyze stability of generalized system.

从初始条件出发，在一定时间长度上，采用微分方程数值积分法、代数迭代和优化方法来求解系统响应，获得非线性广义系统稳定性的数值分析方法。

Numerical solution was compared with and theoretical one,and the influence of shear dilatation on the stress and displacement.

利用现阶段国内外流行的岩土数值分析软件FLAC3D，模拟分析了圆形隧道围岩不同阶段的应力和位移，并把数值解和理论解析解进行了对比；分析了剪胀性对于隧道围岩应力位移的影响，对隧道工程的设计和施工有指导作用和参考价值。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。