数值

On the basic of above job a mathematical model of simulation turbulent flow with free surface is established and triumphantly applied to numerical computation on 2D spillway and 3D spillway with frusta of brake.The material job and main conclusion are as follows:(1)A simple boundary orthogonalization procedure independence grids generation method is put forward on the base of algebraic grid generation method; Data structure and computational model on interface are established aiming at blocks of structured grids.

本文针对粘流场数值模拟技术的研究现状和发展动态作了比较全面的回顾与展望，重点研究了网格生成技术、数值求解技术、湍流模型技术和动边界模拟技术，在此基础上建立了模拟自由面湍流场的数学模型，并成功地应用到二维溢流坝和带闸墩的三维溢流坝过坝水流的数值计算。

Based on modern optimization theory and optimal control theory, this dissertation studies some questions as follows:1. The optimization model of parameter identification of three-dimensional geologic history numerical simulation, algorithm and its applicationGeologic history numerical simulation is a basic content of basin numerical simulation, and the porosity is the major parameter in the evolution and development process of oil-bearing basin. According to the sedimentation and burial mechanism, the physical and chemical principles of oil geology, the mudstone porositys non-linear parabolic partial differential equation has been established.

本文应用现代最优化及最优控制理论，对如下一些问题进行了研究： 1、三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型、算法及应用地史模拟是盆地数值模拟的一个基础性的研究内容，地层孔隙度是含油气盆地地史演化发育过程中的重要参数，根据地层沉积埋藏机理和石油地质的物理化学原理，通过引入数学物理方程概念，建立了泥岩三维孔隙度场方程，根据问题的特点，给出了方程的定解条件，对方程的动边界也给出了处理方法，并且证明了解的存在性与惟一性，在此基础上建立了以当今实测数据为拟合准则的三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型，这是一个含有二阶偏微分方程约束的泛函极值问题。

Aim To study the numerical solving process for the large sparse matrix linear equations. Methods To realize the above aim, program developing language C++, cross list data storage structure, the special method of pivoting and elimination of pivot element were adopted.

大型稀疏矩阵线性化方程组的数值求解问题，广泛存在于工程实践尤其是计算机仿真领域，如水力管网计算 [1] 、电力系统的大型导纳矩阵计算、高阶偏微分方程的数值求解[2 ] 以及铸件充型过程与凝固过程的数值模拟等。

In the third chapter, the contractilities and asymptotical stabilities of neutral delay integro-differential equations are concerned. The extended Runge-Kutta methods, with the compound quadrature formula and the Pouzet quadrature formula, are numerically stable under suitable conditions. The numerical experiments prove this result.

第三章，研究了中立型延迟积分微分方程，其理论解的收缩性和渐近稳定性，利用复合求积公式与Pouzet求积公式扩展Runge-Kutta方法，并获得了数值方法的稳定性条件，随后的数值试验结果进一步证明了方法是数值稳定的。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

Recent years as development of the computer and software, it becomes reality using numeric simulation to research grouting in clay. Using the software of PFC2D, the grouting in clay is lucubrated and such achievements are reached: Grouting technologies in existence grouting material and serosity are studied and rational methods are put forward in choosing grouting technology and serosity.(2) Base on numeric simulation biax test a method is explored to simulate clay with PFC2D.(3) A method is explored to simulate grouting using PFC2D.(4) The relation between serosity pressure and diffuseness of grouting in clay with different initial stress is studied.(5) The stress transformation of clay is studied during grouting.(6) The stress distribution is studied under different serosity pressure.(7) The normal stresss and shear stresss at any section are studied.

近年来随着计算技术的发展，使得采用数值模拟的方式研究均质土体中的注浆成为可能，本文则利用离散元程序PFC2D对均质土体中注浆进行了研究，主要做了以下几方面的工作：(1)研究了现有注浆加固技术、注浆材料以及浆液的性质，阐述了合理选择注浆方式以及浆液的方法；(2)采用数值双轴实验，探索了应用离散元模型模拟土体的方法：(3)探索了采用颗粒流程序进行注浆数值模拟的方法途径；(4)研究了在粘土中注浆不同侧向土压力条件下浆液扩散范围与注浆压力规律；(5)研究了注浆过程中不同阶段土体中压应力的变化；(6)研究了不同注浆压力对土体应力分稚的影响：(7)研究了注浆过程中土体中任一截面处正应力与剪应力的对比关系。

Impsons Integration: In numerical analysis, Simpson s rule is a method for numerical integration, the numerical approximation of definite integrals.

pecifically：：辛普森整合：数值分析中，辛普森法则是一种方法，数值积分，数值逼近定积分。具体来说

The new singular element at the end of a blunt crack is obtained,the new method for calculating stress intensity factors of blunt crack problems is presented.

利用其局部解构造了一种新的大曲率缺口位移模式；建立含大曲率缺口损伤结构有限元方程和与相应的缺口奇异单元；提出了求解大曲率缺口应力与应力强度因子等断裂参量的数值计算方法，数值算例说明本文方法是一种有效的数值计算分析方法。

Numerical calculations were accomplished by the directly numerical method of the singular integral equations and a large amount of statistical results were obtained. So the issue of influence was systematically solved.

最后利用奇异积分方程的数值解法进行了数值计算，得到了大量的数值结果，从而系统地解决了一般倾斜裂纹对界面的影响分析。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。