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The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

The researchers from university of minnesota carried out a series of studies, they let the participants counting money when benting a little pain, the effect showed that

明尼苏达大学的研究人员开展了一系列研究，他们让研究对象在参加一项承受轻度疼痛的实验前数钱，结果发现这些人比之前没数钱的人感到的痛感轻。

The databases of NIRDRS for Hypericum、 Eucalyptus globules and broussonetia papyrifera were established within suitable spectral ranges with three kinds of data block(original spectrum, first-order derivative spectrum and second-order derivative spectrum) to discriminate unknown samples.

分别用三种数据块(原谱、一阶导数光谱、二阶导数光谱)在不同的谱区范围建立了金丝桃、蓝桉、楮实子3种中药材的NIRDRS指纹图谱库，对未知样品进行鉴别。

Under the guidance of DPRIF integrating strategy, we set up an integreted SOFM-SVM model. Then we analyzed and optimized the model from the aspects of operating mechanism, data interface and function expandedness. The PCA method was introduced to reduce dimensionality and extract features, then to strengthen the clustering explanation; defined a CMI index, to ascertain the most effective or the best clustering number; A new Anti-NO algorithm was proposed to recognize and to filter the suspecious data in the sample; The medium result of SVM model was used to extract the borderline datas between two classified groups. This research compensated for the achievements of data recognition including pattern data, noises data and borderline data.

在DPRIF整合策略指导下构建了一个整合的SOFM-SVM模型，对该模型从运作机制、数据接口、功能扩展几个方面进行分析和改进：引入PCA方法进行数据降维和特征提取，用以加强聚类解释；结合统计聚类中的聚类误差概念定义一个聚类数有效性指标，利用SOFM算法中间结果进行指标求解，以筛选出有效或最佳聚类数；提出一种新的噪声识别算法用于对样本中的异常数据进行甄别和过滤；利用SVM模型的中间结果提取分类边界数据；进一步充实了包括模式类、噪声集和边界在内的模式识别成果。

Candidates must have 75% or above in attendance for each module, otherwise, he/she will not be allowed to sit for the examination (except under extenuatory circumstances on a case by case basis only).

每一科目的上课节数不少于该科目总节数的百分之七十五，否则学员将被取消考试资格。

The results showed that rice straw growth and fascicular alteration interacted when water was deficient. It not only affected the transportation of nutritious substance from rhizine and leaf to kernel, but also led to the decrease of agronomic characters and yield. 4 ecotypes of rice vascular bund...

结果表明：水分不足对稻秆及秆中维管束的影响是相互的：稻秆的发育情况影响了维管束变化，同时维管束的变化影响了稻秆的发育，最终影响营养物质从根部、叶部向籽粒运输，从而使结粒数、稔实率、千粒重、产量下降。4种生态型水稻维管束系统与一次及高次枝梗数目、结粒数、千粒重等有类似的相关性，而且水分不足时反应出相同的结果，说明土壤水分对维管束系统的分化有很大的影响，水分不足将使维管束面积变小，维管束比增大，从而使产量变小。

Using the quaternion expansion of the shifting number ,we determined the fractal structure of intersection of sierpinski footcloth with their translates, and set up the fundamental properties of Box dimensions of those intersection sets.

研究Sierpinski地毯平移交集的计盒维数，发现它与平移长度有关，利用移位t的四进展开式，给出一递归集，得到Sierpinski地毯平移交集的分形结构，并建立这些交集计盒维数的基本性质。

For high quality voice transformation, a novel parameter extraction scheme for glottal flow derivative is proposed based on Legendre orthogonal decomposition.

提出了一种用于源-目标说话人声门波导数参数转换的、基于勒让德正交分解的声门波导数波形参数提取方法。

It is found thatthe fractal dimension D=1.25 corresponds to the lowest criticalcoupling constant αc=1.9,D=1.73 corresponds to the highest criticalratio of dielectric constants ηc=0.163,and when D≤1.145 bipolaronscan not exist at any rate.In chap,4,we will propose a novelapproach to the calculation of the exciton ground-state energy for thestrong-coupling case.Different from all previous methods,the wavefunction of the phonon part is assumed to take a form related to thewave function of the relative motion.We obtain the exciton energy bysolving the derived integrodifferential equation rather than select ahydrogen-like form to minimize the energy expectation.

结果发现，分数维的维数D＝1.25对应最小的临界的电-声耦合常数(αo＝1.9)，D＝1.73对应最大的临界的介电常数比(ηc＝0.163)，当分数维的维数D≤1.145时，双极化子无论如何也不可能存在，在第四章中，我们将提出一种新颖的变分方法来计算强耦合的激子-声子系统的基态能，不同于以前所有的方法，我们取声子的波函数与相对运动波函数有关的形式，而不是假定一个固定的关于相对运动坐标r的函数形式，得到相对运动波函数所满足的非线性的微分积分方程，我们数值求解这个微分积分方程得到系统基态能，而不是选择一个类氢原子的波函数变分使得能量的期待值最小。

Just as when a man wanting to claritfy water has taken a katuka nut and put his hand inside the pot and rubbed it o-nce or twice the water does not come clear , he does not throw the katuka nut away; on the contrary he rubs it again and agin , and as he does so the fine mud subsides and the water becomes transparent and clear – so too, the bhikkhu should not give up , but he should again and again comprehend give attention to , discern and define materiality only."

注1：「…亦如想把水澄清的人，拿了迦答迦的子（一种胡桃的子，可以洗水缸清水）把手伸入水缸之内，经一二次的磨擦，水仍不能澄清，但他并不丢掉迦答迦的子，却数数磨擦，这样则污泥沈落而水自清。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。