数一数

This article discussed the might-be mistakes in the article"The Misunderstandings about the Mode",pointed out that mode is a Location parameter ,and the views in the current text books are basicallycorrect.

文章对《众数之误》一文不准确之处进行了分析，指出众数就是位置平均数，现行统计教材中关于众数的内容基本正确，并希望与该文作者及读者进行交流。

A symbol or mark used to represent a number .

用数的符号及数的值来表示数的一种方法。

P×P and P were two major non-Bayesian algorithms. 6 Less than 25% of the participants used frequency. In those who got other results except P , much more people used probability. Experiment 2 had a randomized multigroup posttest design. There was only one factor named implied condition which had five levels: not imply, imply P, imply addition, imply division and imply all. The results showed that: 1 All the implied conditions significantly improved the participants' performance. When under the condition of implying division, the participants derived the best results. 2 31.9% of the participants got correct answer, 73% of who used frequency to rewrite the information. 3 78% of the participants could apply one or several of the four concepts: probability of "not the event", multiplication rule, addition rule and condition probability.

结果表明：1 被试的估计受问题内容的影响，权威型问题情境容易使被试高估，非权威型问题情境使被试的高估现象大大减少；数据结构和提问形式对被试估计不产生影响。2 有近5%的被试能正确估计P，其中 73%使用频数对信息进行再表征。3 贝叶斯推理中各分步骤的困难程度由低到高分别是：乘法、P、加法、除法。4 有50%的被试能运用对立事件概率、概率乘法、概率加法、条件概率这四个概念中的一种或者几种。5 使用最多的两种非贝叶斯算法是P×P和P。6 不到25%的被试使用频数；求得除P以外各类结果的被试中，使用概率的人数远多于使用频数的。

In this paper,pose representation by quaternions are researched.With the basic quaternion algebra,the "quaternion based rotations combination theorem" is introduced and proved theoretically.On the basis of this theorem,a method for compute of pose nonliear state transfer function and its linearization is purposed.Then,the computing of the measurement function and the linearization is studied.With the Extended Kalman Filter,the pose is tracked and estimated.

研究用四元数表示物体的姿态，在四元数基本运算法则基础上提出并证明了"基于四元数的多个旋转运动合成规则"，然后将此规则为依据，推导出一种用来计算姿态非线性状态方程系数的方法，对非线性状态转移函数进行线性化，并且研究了测量方程函数的确定及线性化，借助扩展Kalman滤波实现了对姿态的跟踪。

Thecompare of genetic map between Lowes and ours showed 26 homology marker situ,which occupied 21.1% of the marker situ in the experiment. 81 QTLs were detected for 11 agronomic traits. 4 QTLs were detected for plantheight, which explained 10.3%～28.9% of trait variance; 2 QTLs were detected forNo. of effective 1-st branches, which explained 22.1%～47% of trait variance; 16QTLs were detected for effective branches height, which explained 12.2%～51.8% oftrait variance; 15 QTLs were detected for length of main inflorenscence, whichexplained 7.4%～26.6% of trait variance; 5 QTLs were detected for effective siliquesof main inflorenscence, which explained 11.2%～25% of trait variance; 1 QTLs weredetected for density of main infiorenscence, which explained 17.3% of trait variance;12 QTLs were detected for length of silique, which explained 24%～36.7% of traitvariance; 2 QTLs were detected for seed per sillique, which explained 9.6% and16.9% of trait variance; 2 QTLs were detected for 1000 seed weight, which explained26%～13.7% of trait variance; 11 QTLs were detected for Total effective siliques perplant, which explained 14.8%～47.2% of trait variance; 11 QTLs were detected forplant height, which explained 14.3%～32.8% of trait variance.

其中，株高检测到4个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的10.3％～28.9％；一次有效分枝数检测到2个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的22.1％和47％；有效分枝部位检测到16个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的12.2％～51.8％；主花序长度检测到15个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的7.4％～26.6％；主花序有效角数检测到5个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的11.2％～25％；主花序角密度检测到1个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的17.3％；角果长度检测到12个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的24％～36.7％；每角粒数检测到2个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的9.6％和16.9％；千粒重检测到2个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的26％和13.7％；单株有效角果总数检测到11个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的14.8％～47.2％；单株产量检测到11个QTLs，解释性状表型变异的14.3％～32.8％。

According to the definition of stochastic crisp comparison matrix, the local consistency and local satisfactory consistency for the incomplete pairwise comparison matrix are defined.

本文还针对另一类区间数判断矩阵——区间数互补判断矩阵提出了一种新的权重求解方法，进一步完善了区间数判断矩阵权重求解的理论框架。

In this paper,we mainly make a deep and systematic study of sample path prop-erties for high and infinite dimensional Gaussian processes,especially for high andinfinite dimensional Wiener process in stronger norm-Holder norm than ever(everbefore,there used to be uniform norm and the process was limited to one dimen-sion).We not only deal with all kinds of functional moduli of continuity,but alsoconcern with different forms of functional limit theorems of C-R increments.

本文主要对高维的以至无穷维的Gauss过程、特别是Wiener过程的样本轨道性质在较以往更强的范数—〓范数下作了系统深入的研究（以往通常采用一致范数，过程限于一维），研究的内容不仅包括各种形式的泛函连续模，而且还包括各种形式的C-R增量的泛函极限定理。

To one quaternion matrix, according to its normal form, into which a quaternion matrix is transformed after decomposed, the types of decomposition of a quaternion matrix are divided into three large classes: diagonalized decomposition, triangular decomposition and triangular-diagonalized decomposition.

对单个四元数矩阵，以分解后的四元数矩阵的标准型作为分类的标准，将四元数矩阵的分解分为三大类：对角化分解、三角化分解、三角一对角化分解。

A new approach for pattern recognition of ultra-high frequency signals of transformer partial discharge based on multi-scale analysis of wavelet packet and grid dimensionality is proposed, in which the multi-scale transform of wavelet packet is used to extract wavelet coefficients of UHF PD signals and by means of improving difference box-counting method the grid dimensionality of multi-scale wavelet coefficients is calculated and the multi-scale grid dimensionality is taken as the characteristic quantity that is used in the recognition of UHF PD signals.

提出了一种基于小波包多尺度分析和网格维数的变压器局部放电超高频信号模式识别的新方法，采用小波包多尺度变换提取局部放电超高频信号在多尺度上的小波系数，通过改进差盒计数法计算多尺度小波系数的网格维数，并将多尺度网格维数作为特征量用于局部放电超高频信号的识别。

the lcd display character is acquisited by ccd,after analysis with image process and artificial neural network theory,through grid and intersecting lines to pick up the character′s characteristic,recognize lcd display character,provide with a kind of interface for the instruments and equipments which have no standard interface with the computer but have a lcd display.the experiment result shows that the system acquire and recognize lcd display character is very successfully,and high anti-jamming ability.

摘 要：利用ccd对lcd数码显示字符进行采集，在分析图像处理和神经网络理论的基础上，采用网格法与交线特征提取法，对lcd数显字符进行识别，为具有lcd数显而与计算机无标准通信接口的仪器仪表设备提供一种实用的无线接口。实验表明，系统对lcd数显字符采集方便，识别率高，并且抗干扰能力强。中图分类号：tm932；tp216 文献标识码：b

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。