散射理论

The Airy function is used to calculate the plasma impedance and the grill-plasma scattering matrix is deduced, then the coupling properties of the HT-7 LHCD MJ launcher are studied with the antenna scattering matrix and the grill-plasma scattering matrix based on the liner coupling theory. The average power reflection coefficient, directivity, power spectrum are obtained for different edge plasma densities and for different phasings between main waveguides.

采用线型耦合理论，用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗，推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵，并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性；计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。

The scattering properties of particles with different shape parameters are simulated respectively in the modes of reflection and refraction. Both in the modes of reflection and refraction, the phase difference of non-spherical particle's PDA signal is the unbiased estimate of the corresponding phase difference of ideal spherical particle, and the standard deviation of angle roughness scale on particle surface impacts little on the distribution of phase difference.

本文通过物理光学的方法分析了非理想球形粒子的散射特性，利用物理光学中的稳相点理论，导出了非理想球形粒子散射光的相位表达形式，分析了非理想球形粒子的形状对PDA信号相位及相位差的影响，建立了非理想球形粒子的尺寸分布与PDA信号相位差分布之间的关系。

With method of radial tracing, path numbe ofmultipath and angle of incidence, times of reflection, attenuation, and delay werededuced based on the theory of stochastic.

根据随机过程的基本理论，采用射线追踪法，从电波散射和绕射原理，推导出高速移动台无线通信多径传播的径数、入射角、散射次数和衰减系数、多径传播路程和时延等的概率分布。

It solves the imaging problem in great contrast. In chapter 2, the author deeply studies and analyzes the arithmetic of the method of Born approximation inversion and points out the limitations and disadvantage of the method. The good inverse results can be obtained in little disturbance by Born approximation.

本文提出的反演理论，考虑到散射序列中高阶项对成像结果的影响，在反演时利用逆散射序列中的高阶项以弥补散射场数据的丢失，使得在大扰动量的情况下同样能够实现界面位置和形态的精确成像，解决了大对比度情况下的成像问题。

Chapter 2: The chapter concentrates on the powerful instrument in studying the carrier transport properties—thermopower.. Starting with the base theory, the chapter discussed the thermoelectricity phenomenon in metal and semiconductor in detail, including the useful Mott formula, phonon drag effect (normal process and Umklapp process), abnormal thermopower in transition metal, two-band model, magneton scattering, and so on. To resolve the abnormal thermopower in low temperature, some theoretical models, such as the distortion of Fermi surface, resonant scattering, spin-bag model, were argued. Each of them has its limition.

第二章：对热电势这一研究物质载流子输运性质的手段进行了综述，从热电势的原理和基础理论研究开始，针对金属和半导体的热电势现象进行了详细讨论，包括研究工作中常用的Mott公式、声子曳引的正常过程和Umklapp过程、过渡金属异常的热电势现象、双带模型及磁子散射机制等等，对于低温下的异常散射机制讨论了声子曳引、费米面畸变、共振散射机制、自旋口袋模型等若干种理论模型及其局限性。

By combining the {spdf} interacting boson model and the Eikonal approximation theory, we proposed an approach descibing the inelastic scattering in which the nucleus is excited from the ground state to a negative parity state by the medium energy hadron. In this scheme it is easy to determine the deformation parameter of the collective excited state with negative parity, the form factor and the scattering cross section.

通过把{spdf}相互作用玻色子模型和Eikonal近似理论相结合，我们提出了描述中能强子使核激发到负宇称态的非弹性散射的方案，给出了负宇称激发态的形变参数及散射的形状因子和散射截面。

In chapter 4, by AREELS, the Generalized Oscillator Strength Density Spectra were measured in the energy region from 56 to 66eV, with the incident energy 2. 5 keV and energy resolution 80 meV, at scattering angles from 0°to 6°, corresponding to the momentum transfer K〓=0.03~2. 01 a. u. The Fano profile parameters f〓 and q for the optically allowed transition 〓(0, 1)〓P°and the optically forbidden transitions 〓(1, 0)〓S〓and 〓(1, 0)〓D〓 were obtained as a function of K〓. With the hyperspherical coordinate wavefunctions, the dynamical correlation are discussed qualitatively. So, a new experimental way to study dynamical electron correlation effect is opened.In chapter 5, the widely used R-matrix theory was introduced. Then, the GOSDS for the optically allowed excitation series (1s〓)〓S〓→〓(0, 1)〓P°(n=2-4) were calculated by this method, and the Fano profile parameters f〓 and q were obtained sequently. So the electron correlation effect can be described by these parameters quantitatively, and the theoretical results were compared with our AREELS experimental results.

在第四章中，实验上，同样使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和80meV的能量分辨下，测量了0°到6°散射角下的He原子双电子激发态在56~66eV的广义振子强度密度谱，这种情况，0°~6°对应的动量转移范围K〓=0.03~2.01a.u。，得到了光学允许跃迁的双电子激发态〓（0，1）〓P〓和光学禁戒跃迁的双电子激发态〓（1，0）〓S〓、〓（1，0）〓D〓的Fano线形参数f〓，q等随动量转移变化的曲线；观测到了几个强度很弱、能级很窄的光学允许和禁戒跃迁双电子激发态，用前人准确的理论结果进行了标识；通过比较弱共振〓（1，0）〓S〓和〓（-1，0）〓S〓的强度随动量转移K〓的变化规律，结合超球坐标理论计算的波函数，定性地阐述了在电子碰撞散射过程中它们各自不同的动力学电子关联效应，发展了一套在实验上研究电子关联效应的新方法。

Based on Born approximationmethod and the local principles of wave function in inhomogeneous medium and theray theory and the integral equation theory,this dissertation researches the theory andsimulation of the inversion method of large perturbational medium parameters andbreaks through the approximation condition of the small perturbational parametersand the weak scattering in traditional inversion method.

本文在Born近似方法的基础之上，基于非均匀介质中波函数局部理论和射线理论及积分方程等理论方法，对大扰动参数反演方法的理论和数值模拟进行了研究，突破了传统反演方法要求的参数小扰动和弱散射条件。

The optical dot gain results from basically the light scattering in substrates. In ink-jet printing the ink penetration changes the optics of the coating of the substrates including the light scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient. So it affects the optical dot gain greatly. The application of Kubelka-Munk Theory in halftones is also studied, and so an ink penetration model is established using K-M theory. The penetration depth and the scattering and absorption coefficients are decided.

第三章重点分析影响印刷质量的很重要因素：光学网点扩大，包括了光线在纸张内的散射、K-M理论在半色调印刷品中的应用，本文利用K-M理论建立了油墨渗透模型，确定了油墨渗透的平均深度以及油墨渗透之后介质的光吸收系数与光散射系数，并从宏观的角度分析了油墨渗透对喷墨印刷质量的影响，包括色相、色饱和度以及色调范围等。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷