散射理论

Combined with optics, calorifics, electrics and acoustics, PA theory and PA application need deeply studied.

光声光谱的理论和应用，还需深入研究和开拓发展。光声光谱法适用性广，对于传统吸收光谱难以测定的不透明、高反射、高散射样品，也可以方便地测定。

By time-varying filtering, we realize the signal selectivity and interference suppression, especially for the signals with time-varying power spectrum. It is shown herein that conventional eigenstructure based methods are lower dimensional special case of the time-frequency subspace fitting method. The closed-form array response estimation algorithms for blind source separation in wireless communication is also developed in the dissertation by exploiting the data structure of second-order statistics of the array output in the presence of multipath. The proposed method achieves array response estimation with little constraint on signal property and propagation environment such as scatters or angular spread. Moreover, the array utilized here can be of arbitrary geometry and even uncalibrated. Since the closed-form solution is obtained, no misconvergency may occur and large amount of computation can be saved. The equivalent feed model and corresponding optimization designation are proposed to realize the downlink multi-user selective transmission. By coherent and non-coherent superposition of the electromagnetical field, multiple beams can be formed using a single array, so that each co-channel user signal is transmitted in each beam and will not interfered with each other. The proposed system scheme implements the digital beamforming and the channel allocation in the base band, therefore is suitable for the utilization of the radio software technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved by the RF experiment.

在窄带条件下，GSC－SSF方法还可以提高阵列的虚拟孔径，从而提高估计的性能；可以证明，Cyclic DOA 和SC-SSF方法可看作该方法的特例或近似； 3、提出了二维GSC－SSF方法和宽带谱相关DOA矩阵方法，利用信号的循环平稳特性解决了宽带条件下二维 DOA 估计问题，并具有阵元数少、计算量较小的特点； 4、提出了时频子空间拟合和宽带时频DOA估计算法，将联合时频分析的理论和方法引入到阵列信号的空间谱估计研究中，利用时变滤波实现信号选择性测向和干扰抑制，特别适合于谱时变信号；可以证明传统特征结构法可看作是时频子空间拟合方法的特例； 5、提出了多用户环境下阵列响应的估计方法——CARE方法，该方法对信号结构和传播参数（主要是散射源分布与角度散布）的约束较少，适用于各种几何结构的阵列甚至未校准的阵列，能够直接得到阵列响应的闭式解，因此计算量小、稳健性好，不存在收敛问题； 6、提出了针对多用户下行选择性发送的阵列等效激励模型、优化设计方法及其系统实现方案，通过空间场的相干叠加与非相干叠加使得单一阵列能够形成多个波束，并保证各波束内的用户信号各不相同且相互干扰最小；其系统方案具有在基带实现数字波束成形、信道分配并便于软件无线电实现的特点，其有效性已得到外场实测数据的证实。

Effects of the large non-hydrogenic core ofStrontium atoms were investigated by comparing the experimental Fouriertransformed spectra with hydrogenic closed-orbit theory. The strange peaks inthe experimental spectra were ascribed to combination orbits induced by corescattering of Strontium atoms.

通过对理论计算结果与实验进行比较，研究了非氢原子实对电子动力学行为的影响，发现Sr原子实散射引起的组合轨道在实验回归谱中产生了&奇异&峰。

The article research the relative project about visibility, it discussed the principle, it introduced the new measuring method opposite the foreword scattering visibility meter and design the transmit and incept devices of foreword scattering visibility for keystone, it is advanced the characteristics of the light source which is should be possess , it show the advantage of the LED used to the light source and selected PIN LED which matching with it, the article is discussed the optics system and design the reasonable object lens structure, measuring and controlling system and the relative design idea ,design method and the accuracy analyzing etc.

本文研究了能见度测量仪器的有关问题，系统地论述了能见度测量仪器的理论，然后以前向散射式能见度仪为研究对象，论述一种新的测量方法，提出了理想光源应具备的特点，说明了采用LED 发光二极管做光源的优越性，并选择了合适的PIN 光电二极管与之匹配，对光学系统作了全面讨论，设计出合理的物镜结构、机械结构、并详细论述了与之有关的设计思想、设计方法和精度分析等问题。

The scattering peaks are overlain on the backscattering signal peaks of the water, the location is directly related to the location of the underwater bubble layers, and its amplitude is affected by the concentration of the bubble layers.

随着气泡幕浓度的增大，其后向散射峰幅值相应增大，这一点与理论分析结果一致，而回波峰值的变化趋势则主要受水体质量的影响。

For soil surface the IEM model was used, and the specula surface approximation was used for flooded field.

利用矢量辐射传输理论建立了水稻微波后向散射模型，模型中考虑了稻田土壤无水的情况，用积分方程模型模拟土壤下垫面，而对稻田积水情况下的垫面用镜面反射近似。

In addition, a quantitative analysis of factors influencing the cavern imaging accuracy in the traditional and new methods provides a theoretical guide to improve the exploration accuracy of vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

同时，对常规偏移成像方法和逆散射成像方法影响溶洞成像精度的主要因素进行了定量分析，为提高溶洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探精度提供了理论指导。图11参23

The study on the polarized spectral character is an important basis job of detectingsuspended sediments by polarization remote sensing. First, many research jobs on thissubject are introduced. Then the correlative theories of polarization and water-color remotesensing are addressed, including spectrum character, absorption and scattering coefficient ofpure water, as well as spectrum feature of suspended sediment.

在对国内外有关利用卫星遥感提取悬浮泥沙方法和多角度偏振技术作了介绍的基础上，文中先介绍了偏振光遥感的有关知识和利用传统遥感方法提取悬浮泥沙信息的理论基础包括纯水的光谱特性、吸收和散射系数，及悬浮水体的光谱特征等。

The scattering and reflection of light by clouds are studied by scalar radiative transfer theory. The plane albedos and bidirectional reflectance of clouds are given. The influences of clouds types, clouds thickness and liquid water content on the light scattering characteristics of clouds are discussed.

利用标量辐射传输理论，计算了云层对光波的反射与透射，给出了云层的平面反照率和双向反射函数；讨论了大气云层不同的类型、厚度及液态含水量对阳光散射强度的影响。

The structure of this paper is as follows: Chapter 1 is devoted to investigating the history and development of soliton theory, theideas of the mathematics mechanization and computer algebra. In addition, some methodspresented by some domestic achievements and foreign ones for constructing the exact solutionsto NPDEs are introduced, such as inverse scattering method, B?

全文由三章构成：第一章介绍了孤立子理论的历史与发展、数学机械化思想与计算机代数，以及国内外学者所提出的精确求解非线性偏微分方程的若干方法，如反散射方法、B？

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷