散射理论

Based on Airy theory,the refractive index of a glass bead illuminated by laser is computed.

利用米氏散射的近似理论——艾里理论对玻璃微珠的折射率进行了测量。

Firstly, Dempster-Shafer is developed by not only considering the certainty of the evidence, but also considering the average support of the evidence to different subsets in the assignment framework so that it can give more reliable combination result. Secondly, amplitude ratio feature and Euclid distance of the probability density distribution function in Pearson graph from different temporal SAR images are extracted to present change feathers in different scales. Finally, the improved Dempster-Shafer algorithm is applied to fuse the two different features to detect change information of SAR images.

首先通过综合考虑证据本身的确信度和证据对辨别框架中子集的平均支持度进行证据间的加权合成，改进证据理论对证据的合成，提高其可靠性；然后提取不同时相图像间的散射幅度的对比度和概率密度分布函数在皮尔逊图中的欧式距离，两种特征参数代表了像元级和区域级不同空间尺度下微波遥感图像中关于地表变化的信息；最后将改进的证据理论用于两特征之间的融合处理，得到地表的变化信息。

First, it is compared with the usual formal theory of scattering, for example, that developed by Moeller.

第一，我们将它与寻常的散射形式理论作一比较，证明了二个理论的波函数除去一个常数倍外，完全相同。

In this paper,a method to determine the fractal dimension of pore-solid interface in porous solid materials by the small angle X-ray scattering is introduced.This method is also used to determine the fractal structure of fly ash-cement pastes.

简要介绍了用X 射线小角散射分析技术测定多孔固体材料中气孔固体界面分形维数的理论，并将这一理论用于测定粉煤灰水泥浆体的分形结构。

In order to design a high performance laser Doppler velocimeter, the relationship between the signal intensity of laser Doppler and the diameter of spot was analyzed using the speckle theory, and the calculation formulas of the Doppler current was given based on functional theory. The polarization characteristic of scattered light and its intensity distribution were investigated.

为了设计高性能的激光多普勒测速仪，运用散斑理论详细分析了激光多普勒信号的强度与散射光斑大小的关系，结合泛函理论给出了计算多普勒电流的散斑表达式，并通过实验的方法研究了回波信号的偏振特性及其强度分布。

The static experiment is done. In this paper, first I introduce some characteristics of the nano-fluids such as motion. The parallel laser is used to illuminate vertically the nano-particle producing dynamic speckle. The Laser speckle velocity is underlain by the fact that movement of a diffuse object illuminated by coherent light results in a random time variation of a speckle pattern observed in both the image plane and the diffraction field.

在描述了纳米流体的基本特点，以及根据布朗运动理论纳米流体的运动特性的基础上，考虑到将采用激光垂直照射纳米流体，由纳米颗粒散射的光线将互相干涉形成散斑的测试方法，从理论上推导了纳米颗粒的运动速度和散斑运动速度的关系，得到了在菲涅尔衍射区域，散斑的移动速度等于纳米粒子的移动速度的结论。

A character-codes model based pattern recognition method by using amplitude data of targets frequency response is proposed after the establishment of high frequency response equation of radar targets. The method uses the same unvariant character-codes to express the same target of different angles and uses sequential separating of regions of target's reference variables to obtain multiple coding vectors of all regions for every target. The category and pose of target can be determined after a two-staged classification processing such as coding processing of target range profile data and errors correcting processing of coded data. The two-stage classification results are used to target identification as posterior hypothesis to be tested by sufficient convincing and necessary convincing. The character-codes model based pattern recognition method is also adaptive to variation of target angles and controllable in error probability. Time-consuming and complicated iterative computation is not necessary in the train process of pattern recognition.

首先建立了雷达目标的高频频率响应方程，这种方程将目标多散射中心理论与目标局部谐振理论有机地结合起来；进而提出了目标多频响应结构成像方法，这种方法将瑞利区频率响应或谐振区频率响应曲线的不同部位用各种不同的近似方法去逼近，通过特征谱估计方法将目标的局部频响特征与宽带距离响应特征结合起来；然后提出了一种基于姿态角变化区域的序贯划分与多模匹配的特征编码识别方法，这种方法具有能适应目标姿态角的变化以及能控制识别的差错概率α等优点，在目标识别时只需要目标在少数有限个频率激励下的幅频响应数据。

Based on the theoretical model coupling Maxwells equation with the rate equation of 4 level inverted population, the numerical simulation is made via the FDTD method and MATLAB programs. The simulation results show that 1. With the increase of the pumping rate, both the localization of the electric field and the spectrum mode numbers will change; 2. The lasing threshold decreases by increasing the size or concentration of the scatters; 3. The lasing threshold also decreases by increasing the size of samples or strengthening the sample randomness.

在理论和实验研究的基础上，利用麦克斯韦方程与四能级反转粒子数的速率方程相耦合的理论模型，采用时域有限差分方法和MATLAB程序对随机激光泵浦阈值特性进行了数值模拟与计算，模拟结果显示：随着泵浦速率的增大，出现了阈值前后电场强度局域态及频谱模式数的改变；随着散射体粒径的增大，浓度的增大，阈值呈现下降的趋势；随着样品长度的增大，随机强度的增强，阈值也呈现下降的趋势。

The whole movement of the fine rainbow structure of a glass bead with different refractive index is analyzed.

利用米氏散射的近似理论——艾里理论对玻璃微珠的折射率进行了测量。

Based on radiative transfer theory,the reflection properties of cirrostratus consisting of hexagonal ice crystals or equivalent spheres are computed by using the adding-doubling method,respectively.The results show that the Mie scattering calculations at the region of λ≈3.0 μm give good agreement with the hexagonal ice crystals.

根据辐射传输理论，应用累加法，分别计算了由冰晶粒子和等效球形粒子构成的卷层云的多次散射特性，计算结果表明当入射波长λ≈3.0 μm时，等效球Mie理论可以很好地用于计算卷层云的反射特性，但是当λ。8 μm时，尤其在可见光区，将引起显著的误差。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷