散射

We have studied mechanism and influence factors of resonance light scattering spectra of fluorescein in detail.

研究了荧光素的共振光散射光谱的形成机理与影响因素。

Besides, the dark state is created by cholesteric's scattering effect in focal conic state and polarizer's filtration effect.

此外，这个方法的暗态是利用胆固醇液晶在圆锥状态的散射效应和偏光板的滤光作用来产生。

D Flexible LC notepaper:After a flexible PDCLC sample is irradiated with a suitable UV light for a suitable period at isotropic state, the CLC texture in whole sample is changed to scattered focal conic.

应用在软性基板的PDCLC元件在受到适当紫外光照射后可得一散射态之可挠式面板，若施加适当压力，可如触控笔般在元件上写入讯息或图像，该图像为反射结构。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

C Thermally controllable light valves:As described above, the clearing temperature of PDCLCs can be increased by UV-curing because of the reduction of impurity concentration. Therefore, when the texture of a CLC cell in the UV-cured region are changed to focal conic one, the scattering of light from the sample is maximum. However, the clearing temperature of PDCLCs can be increased continually with continually irradiating with UV light onto the sample, but the scattering is unchanged.

当PDCLC照射紫外光的时间超过某一特定时间，则表面配向被聚合物薄膜破坏而达成散射态之穿透度最低状态，若持续照光聚合时，因仍然处於focal conic态，故穿透度不再改变，但单体聚合造成相变温度上升，直到单体全部聚合为止。

The variation of focal spot size with the spatial phase perturbation and propagation distance has been analyzed quantitatively.The results indicate that the radius of focal spot increases with the propagation distance if once the threshold condition fulfilled.

讨论了强紫外激光在空气长程传输中所产生的受激旋转喇曼散射效应对其聚焦光斑形态的变化，定量分析了焦斑半径随入射强紫外激光的空间相位畸变及传输距离的变化。

In chapter 7, we study scattering from fractal rough surface.

本文的第七章讨论了分形复杂表面散射的问题。

The article in the light of international and domestic situation, introduces several universal testing methods of the particles , and highlighted on Fraunhofer diffraction theory and Mie light scattering theory granularity about test methods, as well as relevant theoretical basis.

文章根据国内外现状，介绍了目前普遍适用的几种颗粒物检测方法，并重点介绍了基于Fraunhofer衍射理论和Mie光散射理论的粒度测试方法，以及相关的理论基础。

While retrieving the column density of trace gases with the scattered sunlight as light source,it will be affected strongly by solar Fraunhofer lines,which is also called Ring effect.

被动DOAS中利用太阳散射光作为光源解析大气污染气体柱浓度时，会受到太阳弗朗和费光谱的"填充线"即Ring效应的强烈影响，尤其是对浓度很低的痕量气体，致使不易获取其浓度、影响其测量精度。

The electromagnetic inverse scattering problem governed by the fiest kind of Fredholm integral equation is an ill-posed problem.

摘要由第一类Fredholm积分方程所描述的电磁逆散射问题是非适定问题。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。