散射

Basing on the Graf′s addition theorem, two expessions, interior and exterior expression, are deduced and the suitable problems for them are discussed. It has been found that the interior expression is the main point for sovling the scattering problem of circular inclusion in half-space. It also has been found that the exterior expression is the key for the scattering problem of circular arc canyon and circular arc alluvial valley, and is one of the main points for scattering problem of circular arc hill as well.

从Graf原有加法公式出发，本文给出了其内域型和外域型两种表达形式并讨论了这两种表达的适用范围，同时指出：内域型表达是求解半空间内含夹塞区出平面散射问题的要点，而外域型表达是解决任意圆弧型凹陷地形和任意圆弧型沉积盆地出平面散射问题中求解难点的关键，同时也是克服任意圆弧型凸起地形出平面散射问题求解困难的要点之一。

Results of variations of the intensity of the scattering field as function of scattering angle and particles radius are presented.

同时给出了Mie散射的散射场强度随散射角的变化以及内部场强随粒子半径的变化。

These fingerprints provide depth-sensitive quantitative information about the light-scattering properties of tissue and also show significant qualitative differences in scattering patterns.

Backman博士与其团队表示，由4D-ELF/LEBS而来的光散射特徵，表现了结构的特性与光学性能或「指纹」，这些指纹提供组织光散射性质的深度敏感定量资讯，也在散射型态上有显著定性的差异；为了光散射特性的变化与组织定量的方法，他们也分析了一系列的光学标记。

When the receiving aperture is much larger than the scattering disk scale, the aperture-smooth effect is remarkable and the derived variance approximates the result given by weak-fluctuation theory for any zenith; when the receiving aperture is much smaller than the scattering disk scale, the low-pass filter effect of the scattering disk scale is dominating and weak-fluctuation theory is valid only for small zeniths.

散射盘尺度和接收孔径对到达角起伏起平滑作用，当接收孔径远大于散射盘尺度时，由于孔径平滑作用，导出的表达式在任意天顶角都可以近似为弱起伏理论给出的结果；当接收孔径小于散射盘尺度时，散射盘尺度的平滑作用明显，接收孔径的平滑作用相对较小，传统的到达角起伏理论仅在小天顶角是适用的，在大天顶角必须用新导出的方差表达式。

Some methods to restrain reverberation are developed. Three scattering models(bottom scattering, surface scattering and volume scattering model) in bistatic sonars are developed and simulated.

重点研究了双基地声纳的各种散射模型(海底散射模型、海面散射模型、体积散射模型)，通过对各种影响因素的分析，给出了各种模型的明确表达式，并对模型进行了仿真分析。

Based on radar backscatter theory and scattering point model,a universal theoretical radar echo model of circle rotation scattering point on arbitrary plane was derived and established,and the equivalence of this model to the one of vibration scattering point was discussed.

基于雷达后向散射理论和散射点模型，针对雷达目标的任意圆周旋转散射点，详细推导并建立了雷达回波通用模型，对其与振动散射点的等效性进行了详细的讨论。

The results of the simulation analysis and experiments indicate that the loss of ultraviolet scattering transmission in atmosphere is high because of the particle scattering and absorbing in solar-blind zone; that is, the received power can descend 20 dB with the distance increasing 10 times. Therefore, the ultraviolet scattering is fit for short range communication. In short range, the pulse extension due to scattering is at microsecond order and its influence for low and moderate bit rate communication systems is weak. Since the light output power of a single ultraviolet LED is low, a multi-LED array can be used to increase the transmit power and extend the communication range.

仿真分析与实验结果显示：日盲区紫外光在大气中散射传输时由于大气粒子的强烈散射与吸收，传输损耗较大，距离每增加10倍，接收功率下降20dB，因此日盲区紫外光大气散射通信适用于近距离通信场合；近距离传输时散射造成的光脉冲多径展宽为微秒量级，对中低速通信系统影响较小；单个紫外LED发光功率较低，可通过多个LED阵列来提高发射功率，增大通信距离。

The structure functions D of flux variations caused by refractive scintillations are calculated.

对折射闪烁引起的流量变化的结构函数D的计算表明，结构函数的幂律部份的指数P（D依赖于上述两个成份的相对散射强度，即在连续介质散射为主的情况下；而在薄屏散射为主的情况下；若两个成份的散射可相比较时，1＜P＜2。

According to the different scattering medium, scattering communication are generally divided into tropospheric scatter communications and ionospheric scatter communication.

根据散射媒质的不同，散射通信一般分为对流层散射通信和电离层散射通信。

The result exhibit add flutter better than no flutter, especially MDF on 1k~1.25 kHz and Japanese cedar on 1.6 kHz could get the best scattering coefficients S＝1, even on 5kHz still have the scattering effect.

本研究进一步探讨有、无翼板对扩散板散射效果之影响，分别以三组不同木质材料进行比较，结果显示，有翼板之散射效果比无翼板佳，其中又以MDF 於1k~1.25kHz与柳杉於1.6kHz时有最佳之散射效果S=1，且於最高频5kHz时仍有散射效果产生。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。