教育背景

The first part introduces MPA's historical development in America and its particular characteristics. This partmainly focuses on 5 main characteristics, namely,(1) the development of practical skills as the highest priority in their educational formation,(2) the experience-oriented enrollment system;(3) the perfected curriculum setting,(4) the effective and flexible teaching methods, and (5) the highly trained faculty. The second part analyzes the background and key problems of Chinese MPA's education. It includes a lack of specialized educational aims, an overly grade-conscious enrolment system, a need for a more flexible curriculum, a shortage of "case-oriented" teaching methods and the dearth of a highly trained faculty. The third part proposes a theoretical framework based on the MPA educational model.

本文首先阐述了美国MPA教育的发展历程，并在追溯历史的基础上总结了美国MPA教育的主要特点，即：能力为先的培养目标、注重经历的招生办法、完善多样的课程设置、灵活有效的教学方式以及专兼结合的师资队伍五个方面；然后分析了我国MPA教育产生与发展的宏观背景与学科背景，并从MPA教育微观层面对我国目前存在的主要问题进行剖析，这些问题包括培养目标缺乏个性、招生录取偏重分数、课程设置弹性不足、案例教学较为薄弱、队伍建设有待加强；再从MPA教育的学科性质、培养目标、学科基础、课程设置、馨糕孺教学方法等方面构筑了MPA教育的基本理论框架：最后，提出了我国MPA教育改革与发展的基本思路与主要对策，思路着眼于MPA教育的长远发展，对策主要针对目前我国MPA教育存在的主要问题，包括：适时调整宏观政策、加大教学创新力度、强化师资队伍建设、加强硬件环境建设以及构建开放教育网络五个方面。

Its content involves: Elaborating the social history and cultural background of the foundation and development of Russian language teaching, so as to displaying the characteristic of Chinese Russian language teaching and its influence on the society and foreign languages teaching; Studying and summarizing the teaching and research of some figures who once made contribution to Russian language teaching in different historical periods; objectively assessing their contribution to Russian language teaching and status in its history, so as to make a sketch of the development of Russian language teaching in China.

全文以中国俄语教育自身发展为轴心，阐述俄语教育创办、发展的社会历史、文化背景，展现中国俄语教育特点及其对社会和外语教育的影响；研究和总结各个历史时期对俄语教育作出贡献的一些人物的教学、科研，历史地、客观地评价他们对俄语教学的功绩及在俄语教育史上的地位，贯穿于中国俄语教育发展的主线，从而勾勒出中国俄语教育发展的脉络。

They give an expression to different educational features in their respectively social background: Four Orientations attach much importance to regional impartiality of education, to the attributes of distance education and to the diversification of educational quality, all of which display distinct policy characteristics; Four Opens lay much emphasis on the equity among people, on the attributes of open education and on the standardization of educational quality, all of which are clearly typical of ultimateness.

两种理念具有深刻的内涵，其在中英远程开放教育中有着重要地位，两者在各自的社会背景中体现不同的办学特色："四个面向"理念更加重视教育"区域公平"，强调"远程教育"属性，注重教育质量"多样化"，具有更明显的政策性特征；"四个开放"则更重视教育"人际公平"，强调"开放教育"属性，注重教育质量"标准化"，具有更明显的终极性特征。

Methods of investigative study, data analysis, and comparative study are appliedin the definition of moder...

本课题主要采用调查研究法、文献分析法、比较研究法，对现代教育技术的定义、职业教育的内涵、教育技术发展背景和教育技术在职业教育领域应用的现状进行了研究，针对教育技术在职业教育领域应用中存在的问题提出对策，对促进现代教育技术在职业教育领域的发展和应用具有一定的借鉴意义。

This paper has emphasized to inquiry into the following problems:(1)To look back the background of science education profession development, including the background and causation of science curriculum,and the history and actuality of teacher education in developed countries,and the influence to science education profession.And look back the general situation of science education profession development in our country.

本文着重探讨了以下几个问题：(1)论文回顾了科学教育专业产生的背景，包括科学课程的产生的背景和原因，以及以美国为首的发达国家师范教育改革的现状对科学教育专业的影响，和我国科学教育专业发展的概况和现状。

Education: Law school of University of International Business Economics, S.J.

教育背景： 2001年9月至2004年6月，在对外经济贸易大学法学院攻读法学博士学位，并于2004年12月获得法学博士学位。

N.C.: What is your educational background and your current occupation?

你的教育背景和现在的工作是什么？

Education: LL.B., the Law Department of Beijing University, 1984

教育背景： 1984年北京大学法律系经济法专业，获法学学士学位

Education: 1982-1986 - LL.B., Law School of Peking University.

教育背景： 1982-1986，北京大学法律系，法律学专业学士

Education: 1971 - 1978 La Salle College

教育背景： 1971年－1978年香港喇沙书院读中学

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。