教会法

Now since it is well known from the writings of the Evangelists and apostles that God has no less concern for the youth of his new people, when he openly testifies and says:"Let the children come to me; for to such belongs the kingdom of heaven"(Mark 10:14), the pastors of the churches act most wisely when they early and carefully catechize the youth, laying the first grounds of faith, and faithfully teaching the rudiments of our religion by expounding the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the doctrine of the sacraments, with other such principles and chief heads of our religion.

现在，因为这是人所共知的，从写的福音和使徒说，上帝有没有少关心青年的他的新作的人，当他公开证明，并说："让孩子来对我说，为这些属於王国天国"（ 10时14马克），牧师的教会法，最明智的时候，他们早和精心catechize青年，奠定了第一的理由，信仰，忠实教学的雏形我们的宗教所阐述十诫，使徒们信条，主祷文，并中庸圣礼，与其他这些原则和行政首长，我们的宗教。

At an early period we meet with expressions referring to the body of ecclesiastical legislation then in process of formation: canones, ordo canonicus, sanctio canonica; but the expression "canon law" becomes current only about the beginning of the twelfth century, being used in contrast with the "civil law", and later we have the "Corpus juris canonici", as we have the "Corpus juris Civilis".

在较早的时期，我们见面的表达是指身体的宗教立法，然后在形成过程： canones ，集体诉讼典型，在sanctio卡诺尼卡，但表达的"教会法"（强制canonicum ）成为目前大约只有一开始的12世纪，用这种反差，与"民法"，后来，我们已经有了"法典canonici "，因为我们已经有了"法典民法"。

In the next chapter, the essay reveals the courses of the medieval gender discourse by using the concept of Foucault's discourse, and analyzes newly the influences of such historical phenomena as ecclesiastical law, virgin worship and courtly love on the shaping of female with such psychological concepts as Gender stereotypes, masculinty and feminity etc .

文章在第二部分运用福柯的话语概念，阐述了中世纪性别话语的来源，并借用心理学上的性别刻板定型、两性气质等概念，重新剖析教会法、圣母崇拜、典雅爱情等历史现象对女性性别塑造的影响。

Gratian's "Decretum" was a wonderful work; welcomed, taught and glossed by the decretists at Bologna and later in the other schools and universities, it was for a long time the textbook of canon law.

gratian的" decretum "是一个美好的工作；欢迎，但教和掩饰，由decretists在博洛尼亚和后来在其他学校和大学，它是在相当长的时间，教科书的教会法。

In the eleventh century certain collections group under the same headings the canons that treat of the same matters; however, it is only in the middle of the twelfth century that we meet in the "Decretum" of Gratian the first really scientific treatise on canon law.

在11世纪的某收藏组根据同一标题炮，即对待的同一事项的，但它只是在中间的12世纪，我们相会於" decretum " gratian第一次真正科学伤寒论教会法。

Gratian was the man who brought this process to a virtual culmination in the Roman communion with his famous Decretum (AD 1140), which underlies the developed study of canon law in the Middle Ages and is the basis of the modern Corpus iuris canonici.

gratian被人带来这个过程中，以一个虚拟的高潮在罗马共融与他的著名decretum （公元1140 ），其中强调了发达国家的研究教会法在中世纪，是根据现代语料库

Moreover, as it is not supposable that the pope wishes to act illicitly, it follows that if he has been moved by false allegations to grant a dispensation, even in a matter of ordinary ecclesiastical law, such dispensation is invalid.

此外，由于它是不是supposable说，教宗希望这样做是非法，因此，若他已提出不实指控给予豁免，即使在短短普通的教会法，这种豁免是无效的。

He describes this as an atrocious breach of canon law, quoting against it the first and second canons of Sardica; and at the same time he himself continually transferred bishops in his patriarchate.

他形容这是一个残酷的违反教会法，对它引用的第一和第二炮的Sardica ；同时他不断转移主教在他的宗主。

Pius later officially ordered a codification, in the modern sense of the word, for the whole canon law.

比约后正式下令编纂工作，在现代意义上的字，为整个教会法。

Gratian's "Decretum" was a wonderful work; welcomed, taught and glossed by the decretists at Bologna and later in the other schools and universities, it was for a long time the textbook of canon law.

gratian的& decretum &是一个美好的工作；欢迎，但教和掩饰，由decretists在博洛尼亚和后来在其他学校和大学，它是在相当长的时间，教科书的教会法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。