敏感头

The test of host range showed SYAU-06 strain was safe to eighteen species of crops and vegetable besides corn and sorghum had slight injury response.Among twenty-seven species weeds from fourteen family the dayflower was most sensitive to the fungi,redroot amaranth and emarginated amaranth was slightly sensitive as well as goosefoot.

SYAU-06菌株寄主范围测试表明在供试的7科18种大田作物和蔬菜中仅玉米和高粱叶片有轻微的伤害反应，在供试的14科27种杂草中，对鸭跖草高度敏感，对苋科的反枝苋、凹头苋和藜科的藜轻度敏感。

Furthermore, the results of the antibiotics sensitivity test of 38 isolates to 24 kinds antibiotics show that all isolates have presented antibiotic resistance disparately as well as multi-resistance. All isolates are sensitive to Cephalosporins antibiotics and Aminoglycosides antibiotics such as Amikacin, Cefazolin, Cefradine, Cefoperazone, and Ceftriaxone. Thirty-eight isolates are extremely resistant to Penicillins antibiotics, Lincomycins antibiotics, Tetracyclines antibiotics and Macrolides antibiotics such as Midecamycine, Lincomycin, Carbenicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin and so on. Antibiotics sensitivity test provides guidance for antibiotic application and scientific foundation from poultry farms.

按世界卫生组织推荐的Kirby-Bauer菌液涂布法对38株大肠杆菌进行24种抗生素的药物敏感性试验，结果表明：38株大肠杆菌均有不同程度的耐药，而且均表现多重耐药；较为敏感的抗生素是头孢菌素类和氨基糖苷类抗生素，其中以阿米卡星、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定、头孢哌酮和头孢三嗪最为敏感；对青霉素类抗生素、林可胺类抗生素、四环素类抗生素和大环内酯类抗生素耐药严重，其中以麦迪霉素、林可霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素和阿莫西林耐药性最为严重；药物敏感试验为保定、秦皇岛和北京三个地区养鸡业提供科学的用药指南，为药物防治提供科学依据。

Ceftazidime shows similar MIC on mucoid or nonmucoid strains in routine microbroth dilution test. In nonmucoid strains,both planktonic and sessile bacteria are sensitive to ceftazidime and 4μg/ml azithromycin shows little effect on the MBCs of ceftazidime while in mucoid strains, sessile bacteria in biofilms show high MBCs of ceftazidime and adding 4μg/ml azithromycin brings obvious reduction in MBCs of ceftazidime and enhance the sessile bacterial sensitivity to ceftazidime.

在非粘液型菌株，悬浮菌和BF菌均对头孢他啶敏感，加入4μg/ml阿剂毒素对头孢他啶的MBC影响较小；在粘液型菌株，头孢他啶对BF中的座生菌MBC增高，而加入4μg/ml阿剂毒素明显降低了头孢他啶的MBC，显示阿剂毒素增强了座生菌对头孢他啶的敏感性。

Results: The clinical manifestations of paratyphoid A included: fever, normal or count decline of white blood cell and blood eosinophilic granulocyte, half of the patients had rising aminotransferase and were sensitive to diverse antibiotics, especially to fluoquinolones, aminoglycoside, the third generation of cephalosporins and Chloromycetin, the sensitive rates of them were higher than 90%, among them, the sensitive rates of Lavo-Ofloxacin, Butikacin, Gentamicin and Ceftazidime were 100%. Average course of treatment and defervesce was 10 and 5.4 days respectively.

结果：89例患者均有发热，血白细胞正常或减少，嗜酸粒细胞减少，50%有转氨酶升高、对多种抗生素高度敏感，尤其喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、头孢三代(头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟)及氯霉素敏感率大于90%，其中，左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶敏感率为100%，平均疗程10 d，平均退热时间5.4 d。

Among them flowers and plants of head shape column (flowers and plants of column of Capitata), horse segment of a circle (flowers and plants of column of Fine Stem), Mineirao and CIAT1517 column flowers and plants (CIAT1517) belongs to phosphor small effect is not sensitive model; heat grinds 2 column flowers and plants (Reyan2), heat grinds 5 column flowers and plants (Reyan5), flowers and plants of column having a check mark (flowers and plants of column of Verano), bush and TPRC2001-2 column flowers and plants (TPRC2001-2) performance is not steady.

其中头状柱花草、马弓形柱花草、Mineirao柱花草和CIAT1517柱花草(CIAT1517)属于磷低效不敏感型；热研2号柱花草(Reyan2)、热研5号柱花草(Reyan5)、GC1581柱花草(GC1581)和TPRC2001-1柱花草(TPRC2001-1)属于磷高效敏感型；西卡柱花草属于磷高效不敏感型，有钩柱花草、灌木柱花草和TPRC2001-2柱花草(TPRC2001-2)表现不稳定。

RESULTS Among 327 specimens, cultures were positive in 320(97.9%),included 328 aerobe strains and 436 anaerobe strains.Most of the pathogenic bacteria were Gram negative.In aerobes,E.coli was the first (176 strains),while bacteroides were the first(216 strains) for anaerobes. In the positive cases, aerobic and anaerobic mixed infection were 64.7% while unitary aerobic and unitary anaerobic infection were only 25% and 10.3%, respectively.The drug sensitive rate of aerobes to the third generation cephalosporine was exceed 90%.The drug sensitive rate to metronidazole was 97.9%.

结果 32 7例标本中 32 0例有细菌生长，其中需氧菌 32 8株，厌氧菌 4 36株，以 G-菌为主；在需氧菌中以大肠埃希菌为主，占 176株；厌氧菌中以类杆菌属为主，占 2 19株；大多数为需氧菌和厌氧菌的混合感染，占 6 4 。7%；单纯需氧菌和单纯厌氧菌感染分别占 2 5 %和 10 。3%；需氧菌对第三代头孢菌素的敏感率在90 %以上，厌氧菌对甲硝唑的敏感率在 97.7%。

The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that various pathogens had high resistant rate to penicillins and cephalosporins, but sensitive to Imipenem with a sensitive rate of 80%. The sensitive rate of the gram-positive cocci to Vancomycin was more than 85%.

药敏结果显示各种病原菌对青霉素类及头孢类抗生素有较高的耐药率，而对亚胺培南-西司他丁有较高的敏感率，达80%以上，革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素敏感率达85%以上。

The pathogenic bacterium of prepartum and intrapartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli,the pathogenic bacterium of postpartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli and staphylococcus aureus.6.The drug resistant rates of G- bacteria to penicillins,cephalosporins,and monocyclicβ-lactam antibiotic were high,However,their compound of addingβ-lactamase inhibitor agents was relatively low resistance,and all G- bacteria were sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.

产前及产时感染性肺炎的病原菌以G-杆菌多见，而产后感染性肺炎的病原菌主要为G-杆菌和金葡菌。6.G-菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及单环类的β内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高，但对其添加β内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂耐药率较低，对碳青霉烯类抗生素均敏感；金葡菌对苯唑西林耐药率低，对万古霉素均敏感。7。

Among pathogens , the most common pathogens associated with VAP were Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 3013 %), Acinetobacter baumanii (1115 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( 1017 %), Escherichia coli ( 716 %) and S taphylococcus aureus ( 618 %). Their multiple drug2resistance to antibiotics was serious. Drug sensitivity tests indicated that the GNB had lower drug2 resistance to such antibiotics as imipenem , amikacin , piperacillin/ tazobactam , ceftazidime , cefepime , cefoperazone/sulbactam , ciprofloxacin and ticarcillin/ clavulanate. Polymicrobial pathogens were more isolated in late2onset VAP than in early2onset VAP.

结果 共检出致病菌383 株，革兰阴性细菌占8411 %，其中非发菌占5114 %，肠杆菌科占3216 %，革兰阳性球菌占1218 %，其中MRSA和MRSE 占615 %，真菌占311 %；前5 位致病菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌(3013 %)、鲍氏不动杆菌(1115 %)、肺炎克雷伯菌(1017 %)、大肠埃希菌(716 %)、金黄色葡萄球菌(618 %)等；药敏结果显示这几类菌株的多重耐药现象严重，较为敏感的抗菌药物有亚胺培南/西司他丁、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星及替卡西林/克拉维酸等，革兰阳性细菌均对万古霉素敏感；迟发性VAP 的混合培养比例显著高于早发性VAP。

objective to study the infection and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents of staphylococcus of bacterial prostatitis patients.methods the results of bacteriology and drug susceptibility of 421 patients,who were suffered from prostatitis,were analysed retrospectively.results in the 421 succus prostaticus samples,278 strains pathogenic microorganisms of 15 genera were isolated from the 273 succus prostaticus samples,and the major pathogenic microorganisms was staphylococcus aureus(57.2%) and coagulase negative staphylocous（17.3%.the drug resistance rate of staphylococcus to penicilling,erythromycin and albomycin was 88%-97%,and it was 33%-50% to fluoroquinolones.the drug resistance rate of staphylococcus to amikacin,cefazolin,nemycin,rifampicin and cefoperazone was lower than 30%,and they all appeared susceptible to vancomycin.conclusion staphylococcus is the main germ of bacterial prostatitis and it appears high drug resistance to usual antibacterials.staphylococcus is susceptible to vancomycin,amikacin,cefazolin,neomycin,rifampicin and cefoperazone.

目的 探讨细菌性前列腺炎患者葡萄球菌的感染状况及抗菌药物敏感性。方法回顾分析421例前列腺炎患者标本的细菌学和药物敏感性试验结果。结果 421例前列腺液标本，273例分离出细菌，共分离出15个种别共计278株病原菌，其中金黄色葡萄球菌占57.2%，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占17.3%；葡萄球菌对青霉素g、红霉素、白霉素耐药率为88%～97%，对氟喹诺酮类耐药率为33%～50%，对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉、新霉素、利福平和头孢哌酮耐药率均0%，对万古霉素全部显示敏感。结论葡萄球菌是细菌性前列腺炎的最常见病原菌，对临床常用抗菌药物具有较高的耐药性，葡萄球菌对万古霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉、新霉素、利福平和头孢哌酮较为敏感。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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