敏化

Some electron collisional transfer rates between excited states of the atom can be calculated from this model using experimental data of both sensitized and direct resonant fluorescence.

用敏化荧光和共振荧光的实验数据，可由该模型定出由于电子与原子碰撞而产生的原子能级间的转移速率。

The latest results about research on dye-sensitized solar cells are reviewed.So far,most of the organic dyes applied in DSSCs belong to typical D-π-A structures with both electron donorand electron acceptorlinked by aπ-conjugation bridge.According to this structure,the novel conjugated organic dyes that have N,N-dimethylanilinemoieties as the electron donor and a cyanoacetic acidmoiety as the electron acceptor were synthesized for DSSCs.

在第四章中首先概述了染料敏化太阳能电池的最新研究进展，并对其的结构和工作基本原理进行介绍，目前，有机染料分子大部分都是D-π-A结构，我们按照这样的结构设计和合成出六种新型米氏酮-氰基类有机染料分子，该类染料是由米氏酮衍生而来的，合成步骤短，工艺简单。

All-solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells with phthalocyanine copper as the hole transporting layer and cis-2Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate) ruthenium (N3) as the dye were fabricated.

利用铜酞菁空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化纳米TiO_2太阳能电池。

Measurement of the hearing of speech signals; includes measurement of speech awareness, speech reception, word and sentence recognition, sensitized speech processing, and dichotic listening

评估听功能处理言语信号的能力，包括言语觉察，言语接受，词句识别，敏化言语处理，和双耳分听

Three novel hemicyanine derivatives,-N-(4-sulfopropyl)-4-[2-(4- N, N-diethylaminophenyl)-ethenyl]pyridinium,-N-(4-suMbbutyl)- 4-[2-(4-N, N-diethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]pyridinium (EPS4), and-N-(4- su)fobutyl-4-[2-(4-N, N-diethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]quinolinium (EQS4) with different length of alkyl chains between the adsorbing group (RSO3-) and the chromophore group, were synthesized and their photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties were studied.

设计合成了具有不同空间位阻的吡啶盐类和喹啉盐类半菁染料-N-(4—磺酸根丙基)-4-[2-4（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐，-N-4-磺酸根丁基）-4-[2-(4-N，N-二乙氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐（EPS4）和-N-（4-磺酸根丁基）-4-2-（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）喹啉鎓盐（EQS4），研究了它们的光物理性质，并将它们用作TiO2纳米晶电极的光敏化剂引入光电化学电池中。

A series of light-weighted metal coated functional composites have been fabricated by electroless metal plating on activated ultrafine particles, with nickel or copper as the shell, ultrafine particles as the core templates, such as alumina, titania, ferriferous oxide, natural pollen, hollow microspheres.

结合分子自组装技术在硅片表面制备了密堆积的胶体钯纳米薄膜，并首次提出了一种无需氯化亚锡敏化、基于分子自组装膜化学吸附胶体钯纳米微粒的活化方法，成功地引发了金属铜或镍在金属与非金属表面的无电子沉积，制备了一系列金属包覆非金属粉末的轻质超细核壳结构功能材料。

NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are a subtype of excitatory transmitters-glutamate receptor which belong to a heteromeric ligand-gated ionotropic receptors and play an important role in many complex physiological and pathological processes, such as nerve development, neuronal excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, central sensitization and neuronal death.

NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)受体是兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸受体的一种亚型，是一种异聚体配体门控型离子通道，参与体内神经发育、神经元的兴奋性突触传递、突触可塑性、中枢敏化、神经元死亡等多种不同的生理和病理过程。

For a dye regenerated system composed of eosin ethyl ester iodonium salt (EOEtIPh2) triethylamine, the efficiency of sensitization is 4 times higher than of single system EOEtIPh2, at mean time the number of active radicals is also multiplicated and thus this system is of importance in practical application.

由乙基曙红碘翁盐/三乙胺组成的染料再生体系的染料敏化效率比单一体系高4倍左右，同时使活性自由基的数量增殖，这种体系在实际应用方面具有重要意义。

The low rate of the electron transfering through the multicrystalline network of a nano-crystalline thin film, and the low efficicency of the dye absorbing the low energy photons are two limiting factors that influence the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells.

电子通过纳米晶薄膜多晶网络的低速率和染料分子对低能量光子的低吸收率是影响染料敏化太阳电池提高光电转换效率的两个主要原因。

1M of iodide was optimized parameter of electrolyte in this research. Furthermore, the TiO2 film gave a higher conversion efficiency than the TiO2 film nontreated by 4-tertbutylpyridine, which increased 13% by surface treatment with 4-tertbutylpyridine.

在碘浓度为0.1M时为此实验电解液之最佳参数，另外TiO2薄膜电极通过4-叔丁基吡啶的处理，染料敏化太阳能电池之转换效率较未处理电极高出了13%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。