效用理论

According to the theory of efficiency estimation and the theory of motivation, the establishment of a faculty promoting mechanism based on the kernel values such as achievement, economic advantages and affectional compliments, will surely mobilize the activity, initiative and creativity of the majority of faculty members.

根据效用评价理论和动机理论，建立以成就、经济、情感为核心的高校教师激励机制，必将充分调动广大教师的积极性、主动性和创造性。

Firstly relied on the "Principal-Agent" theory, it will go through the microcosmic model analysis of corrupt behavior, including the avail analysis of "Defalcation corrupt behavior" and the equilibrium analysis of "Rent-seeking corrupt behavior", and then it will conclude some important factors which influence the corrupt behavior, such as the probability to be lighted, the salary of the officials, the degree and extent of the punishment and so on.Then it will go deep into the institutional analysis of the complicated corrupt phenomena. Relied on the institutional economics, this text will expound elaborate that during the compelling transformation of institutions, the structure of public power has an essential change. On the one hand, government has given up much public power; on the other hand, the cooperation mode between the government, the market and the society has not been perfected. So on account of the unbalance of public power structure, the disfigurement or blankness of the institutions was one of the vital institutional causes of the corruption.

首先以"委托——代理"理论为依托，对"贪污型腐败行为"和"寻租型腐败行为"进行微观的模型分析，通过对"贪污型腐败行为"的效用分析和"寻租型腐败行为"的均衡分析，推导出影响腐败行为的几个主要因素，如腐败的查处概率、政府官员的薪金、惩罚力度、个人的风险态度、租金的来源、市场主体的自主性、对行贿者的惩戒力度等等；接着对当前普遍而复杂的公共权力腐败现象进行深入的制度分析，运用制度经济学的理论，分析我国在强制性制度变迁过程中公共权力架构发生了本质的转变，政府在市场化的进程中一方面确实下放了很多公共权力，但另一方面市场和社会并没有充分发展起新的协作模式以弥补制度变迁过程中形成的制度缺陷或制度真空，因此，公共权力架构的失衡所形成的制度缺陷或制度空白成为了当前腐败蔓延的制度原因。

The contributions of this dissertation are as follows.(1) It firstly applies the fife cycle theory to make typology and research for Chinese market system;(2) It finds the "Six curves constitute the throat" phenomena of Chinese household consumption structure macro-indicator, and thus contribute to structural theory literature;(3) It explanatorily forecasts Chinese household consumption trend by firstly using worst orbit forecasting method of reverse thinking;(4) It firstly proposes the concept of "educational urbanization development", and thus provide new angle to research urbanization in China;(5) It firstly proposes the hypothesis of "Deceleration Effect" of credit consumption on gini coefficient, i.e., income gaps can be filled by credit consumption.

本文创新之处在于：首次运用生命周期理论对中国市场经济体制进行划分和研究；发现了中国居民消费结构广义指标的"六线呈咽"现象，为结构理论研究增添了新的内容；首次逆向思维的运用最差运行轨迹预测方法，探索性的进行中国居民消费结构趋势预测；首次提出"教育型城市化发展的概念"，为研究中国城市化，提供了新的思路；首次提出信贷消费对基尼系数"熨平效用"的假设，即收入水平带来的差距可以用信贷消费的方式"熨平"。

Smith, Ricardo and Marx classical theory of the "value" attributed to the costs of production, especially the cost of production of goods in the course of labor costs ("labor theory of value"); Jevons, and some other people Menger new classical theory is marginal that value is the economic mainstay of goods can be provided by the perceptual effects.

Smith、Ricardo和Marx的古典理论把"价值"归结于生产的成本，特别是花费在生产商品过程中的劳动力成本；Jevons，Menger和其他一些人的新古典边际理论则认为价值对于经济主体来说是商品提供的可以感知的效用。

We analyze the reason of the persistency of social stratification and the effect of inequality of educational quality on income inequality.

本文在人力资本理论和社会分层理论的基础上，建立个体从最大化个人效用出发，考虑地域间房屋租金和子女教育质量的差异，选择居住地的OGM模型。

It may, however, and no doubt should, make use of such scientific theories of development and learning as a basis for some of its normative conclusions; in fact, Mill thought educational theories should rest their normative "precepts" entirely on such premisses as psychology alone can provide, except for the one basic normative premiss supplied by ethics, which for him was the principle of utility.

然而，它可能且无疑地，将利用这些关于发展和学习的科学理论，作为它的一些规范化的结论的基础；事实上，密尔认为，教育理论在只是作为心理学而供给的前提下，应该完全停下它们的规范化的"规则"，除了另一个对它来说，是效用原则的道德规范所支持的基础性的规范化规则。

In the process of building up the system, all the following works are done: confirming the index system of the gas pipeline by the maximum quadratic mean deviation analysis, caculating the index weight by the means of AHP, bringing forward three easy and useful methods (TOPSIS, the effect function and the integration index) of the gas pipeline's engineering schemes' multi-valuation and at last the mathematical models of the maximum compatibility degree is introduced to integrate all the results of all methods above.

在构建这个系统的过程中，主要从事了以下一些工作：通过统计理论中的最小均方差法分析确立了输气管道指标体系；采用层次分析法对输气管道指标权重进行了分析计算；提出三种简单易行的用于天然气管道设计方案评价的新方法：理想点法、效用函数法和综合指数法；最后将决策理论中的最大兼容度模型用于输气管设计方案评价中。

We demonstrate the utility of our framework by showing how it can refine stakeholder salience theory.

通过对股东特性理论的提炼，本文展示了我们的理论框架的效用。

Because of the uncertainty of indexes in the process of classifying solonchak soil,the entropy value theory is applied to combining the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for salt-affected soil classification.

针对盐渍土分类中客观存在的模糊性与随机性，将信息论中的熵值理论引入盐渍土综合评价中，运用信息熵所反映数据本身的效用值计算盐渍土评价中各指标的权值，使得权值的分配有了一定的理论依据，并结合传统的模糊综合评判法对盐渍土做出评价。

The economic law subject is applied to explain the specific institutions of economic law, while economic law act is the media to explain economic law subject theory. This part is directed by the human value pre-establishment of economic law to establish the analyzing tool for corresponding economic law subject, i.e., act economics, and act law and economics.

经济法主体理论解释力的媒介是经济法行为，因此，本部分以经济法的人性价值预设为先导，由此确定了与此相适应的经济法主体的行为分析工具，即行为经济学和行为法经济学，并对该分析工具的核心思想、理论优势以及实际效用进行了阐释，最终明晰了行为法经济学与经济法主体行为分析的契合。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷