效用理论

It can account for many phenomena which expected utility theory has so far failed to explain, such as Allais paradox, Ellsberg paradox, preference reversal, certainty effect, reflection effect, isolation effect, common ratio effect.

后悔理论能够很好地说明期望效用理论所不能解释的Allais悖论、Ellsberg悖论、偏好反转现象、确定性效应、反射效应、分离效应、共同比率效应等异象，而且能够应用于决策理论和资产定价等金融领域。

In the doctoral dissertation,which focuses in lattice-ordered preferencestructure theory and lattice-ordered decision-making theory,lattice-orderedpreference relation displaces complete preference relation in order to makecharacterization of preference structure general,and in order to propose a newthinking of weakening completeness axiom,and also in order to put forward atheoretical base for setting up the rational behavior axioms and utility theorywith lattice-ordered preference structure.

本文有关格序偏好关系理论的研究将Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理中偏好关系的全序描述推广为格序描述，使得对偏好结构的描述更为一般化，并且为弱化公理体系中完全性或连通性假使提供一条新思路，为建立基于格序理论的理性行为公理及其相关的效用理论提供理论依据。

In this dissertation,Von Numann and Morgenstern Axioms are analyzedagain at first.It is pointed out not only that preference relations are often latticeordered,but also that the transitivity axiom,along with the independence axiomand the continuity axiom is still rational to a high degree,then a new set ofaxioms for lattice-order decision-making behavior is established.At last,relatedsubjects based on lattice in preference theory,utility theory,decision-makingmethods,multiattribute decision-making,and group decision-making are studied.In this way,the lattice-order decision-making theory is framed.Main creativeresults are obtained as follows

本论文重新审视了Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理体系，对以前学者较少涉及到的连通性公理提出了质疑，指出偏好关系具有格特征，而传递性公理、独立性公理以及连续性公理在很大程度上仍具有合理性，进而创建了格序决策行为公理体系，研究了基于格的偏好理论、效用理论、决策方法、多目标决策以及群决策中的相关问题，初步构建了格序决策理论框架，主要研究成果如下

The paper analyzes the principle of duality in Supply and Demand theory 、 Utility theory and Production theory, and combines the dual objects into one when explaining the knowledge of concepts 、 principles 、 methodology 、 graphs.

分析供求理论、效用理论和生产理论的对偶本^***，在阐释其概念、原理、方法、规律、图形等等知识点时，将其两两合二为一，可达学一知二。

Based on the theories of welfare effect and endogenesis growth, this thesis attempts to explore China's defense expenditure demand and economic effect by means of theoretical models as well as calculation and analysis.

本研究以福利效用理论和内生增长理论为基础，通过理论模型和计量经济分析探讨中国国防支出的需求和经济效应。

At first, I analyze and evaluate various viewpoints about land expropriation compensation, point out that land expropriation compensation is a complicate project, it should be based on special sacrifice theory, ground rent theory and land efficiency theory.

首先，笔者对土地征收补偿理论基础存在的各种观点进行了分析和评价，指出土地征收补偿是一项复杂的工程，应该是特别牺牲理论、地租理论和土地效用理论共同支撑土地征收补偿制度。

Challenging rationality, behavior economics believes that people often use representativeness, availability, anchoring and adjustment, the law of small number in uncertain situations. It puts forward prospect theory to modify the expected utility theory and use mental accounting theory to explain money non-fungibility. And behavior economics deems that the final goal of people is hedonics.

行为经济学对传统经济学的"理性人"假设提出挑战，认为人们在不确定条件下判断依赖于代表性原则，可得性原则，锚定调整原则和小数原则；并且提出"前景理论"修正了传统的期望效用理论；提出"心理账户"理论解释金钱的"非替代性"；同时认为人类行为的终极目的是幸福最大化。

According to the complexity of marine safety management decision making,the model of multi-goals information utility for marine safety management decision making is constructed in the paper.Based on multi-goals utility theory, this model is validated with the goals of navigability and economic benefits to indicate its reasonableness.

根据船舶安全管理决策的复杂性，运用多目标效用理论，构建了船舶安全管理决策的多目标信息效用模型，并以船舶适航性和经济效益为目标，对所建立的模型进行验证，表明其科学性和合理性。

It solves the utility problem of users by utility theory.

用效用理论解决用户的效用问题。

Therefore, it is significant to research and develop a management information system of agricultural mechanization equipment for agricultural modernization. Based on the modern management theory, some mathematical modelings are constructed by system engineering theory, rough set theory, gray system theory, avail theory and neural network theory in this dissertation. It can resolve some actual problems, for instance, forecasting machine amount, agricultural machine power and prices.

本文在现代管理理论的基础上，运用系统工程、粗糙集理论、灰色理论、效用理论、人工神经网络等方法，进行数学建模，对未来农机需求、农机总动力、农机价格等问题进行探讨，并应用到农机装备管理信息系统的各个方面，对农业机械的各种信息进行传输、存贮、组织和处理分析，最终取得了较为理想的结果。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷