效用

However,the meaning of the law in international private international law,international society and the effect of international private international law,observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international order have not been analyzed ...

然而，在国际私法学界和国际政治学界对国际性国际私法中"法"的含义，在国际社会与国际性国际私法的效用、无政府状态下国际性国际私法的遵守和国际私法对维护国际秩序的局限性等问题上的分析尚不够全面、深入，本文拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析，以便能够正确地把握国际性国际私法在当代国际关系中的效用问题。

However , the meaning of the law in international private international law , international society and the effect of international private international law , observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international artier have not been analyzed comprehensively and deeply in private international law circles and international politics circles , so the article try to discuss and analyze the issues mentioned above deeply , in order lit grasp the issues of the effect of international private international law on contemporary international relations correctly

然而，在国际私法学界和国际政治学界对国际性国际私法中"法"的含义，在国际社会与国际性国际私法的效用、无政府状态下国际性国际私法的遵守和国际私法对维护国际秩序的局限性等问题上的分析尚不够全面、深入，本文拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析，以便能够正确地把握国际性国际私法在当代国际关系中的效用问题。

The paper draws the following conclusions:Brand value is the evaluation to the brand as asset and equity and it can be expressed as brand financial value and brand equity. Brand value comes from the extra utility it takes to the customers by satisfying their special needs. The forming base of the brand value is closely relative to the customers, and there are some other factors infecting brand value such as brand extension. Brand value evaluation includes two parts. One is to have a valuation to the brand financial value, the other is to evaluation of the brand equity by choosing a suitable brand equity model.

经过上述研究，本文得到以下结论：品牌价值是对品牌作为一种资产和一种权益的价值量化，具体体现为品牌财务价值和品牌权益价值；从效用价值论的角度，品牌价值来源于品牌带给消费者的特殊效用；品牌与消费者的关系是品牌价值的形成基础，品牌价值的大小还要受到其他因素的影响；完整的品牌价值测评应由两方面构成：按照收益法原则测评品牌的财务价值；选择适当的品牌权益模型对品牌权益进行测评。

Effectiveness scarce, demand assignability is a value of the four basic elements, demand for real estate and commodities need to have the capacity to pay, we will not, the effectiveness of commercial housing is scarce in nature and that consumers do not have sufficient purchasing power, the market value can not be achieved, the current real estate market demand can be broadly divided, using the minimum requirements, the public demand for improved housing, urbanization process needs field and offshore demand, the demand for investment or speculative demand and the housing problem is livelihood security, the need to increase public finance, but this is the need, not demand.

效用稀缺，需求可转让性，是价值构成的四个基本要素，需求是对房地产商品有需要而且具有支付能力，两者缺一不可，商品房具有效用和稀缺性，消费者没有足够的购买力，市场价值就不能实现，当前房地产市场的需求大致可分为，动拆迁的需求，市民住房改善的需求，城市化过程中的需求，外地和境外的需求，投资需求或者是投机需求，住房保障问题是民生问题，需要公共财政加大力度，但这是需要，不是需求。

What what grow in socioeconomy development is not material, some is provided to consume effectiveness in social production achievement however, socioeconomy phylogeny consumes the process with ceaseless and proliferous effectiveness namely, also be the course that an effectiveness terminal changes at the same time.

社会经济发展中所增长的不是物质，而是社会生产成果中所具有的消费效用，社会经济发展史就是一个消费效用不断增殖的过程，同时也是一个效用终端化的过程。

This paper proves the existence of utility function by using Riemannian geometry methods, which build a bridge between Riemannian geometry and economics.

运用黎曼几何的方法证明了效用函数的存在性，引进了广义的边际效用趋势概念，该定义揭示了以效用函数为度量与一般的欧氏度量的偏离，并证明了这个定义是内蕴的。

Further, this paper explains three features of the unified utilitarian theory: features of my modified VNM expected utility theory, features of my subjectivistic theory of value, and features of the unified utility theory as an ethical theory.

统合效用主义的三项特色为：修正的VNM预期效用理论之特色、主观主义的价值理论之特色和统合效用主义作为一种伦理学之特色。

The behaviour models including family, enterprise, landowner and government are built. The behaviour of economic main body is formulized. The algorithms of expected indirect function of maximal expected utility on behalf of family, enterprise and landowner in daily life are proposed. The algorithms of maximal expected utility while family and enterprise location choice action are proposed.

建立了家庭、企业、土地所有者与政府的行为模型，将各主体的行为公式化，提出了日常生活中代表家庭、企业及土地所有者最大期望效用水平的期望间接效用函数的计算方法；家庭、企业在土地选择行为中的最大期望效用值即满足度函数的计算方法。

In order to solve dynamic, complicated and uncertain problems, multi-agents based distributed intelligence decision support systems, description and decomposition of complicated decision tasks, and cooperation and reasoning among multi-agents are elaborated in this paper. The details are given as follows. 1. Agent and ABDIDSS modelsIn allusion to the current problems of research on agents theory models, payoff and probability factors are introduced on the basis of mental state models of classical BDI of agent and joint BDI of multi-agents in this paper, mental state models of individual agents and joint metal state models of group agents based on payoff and probability factors are built up. Introducing payoff and probability factors satisfies requirements of uncertainty and self-benefit of agents to the environments.

本文针对动态的、复杂的以及不确定问题，以基于多Agents的分布式智能决策支持系统及复杂决策任务的描述与分解、多Agents之间的协作与推理机制为研究内容，具体的研究内容如下： 1、Agent和ASDIDSS模型针对当前多Agents理论模型研究存在的问题，文章在经典Agent的BDI以及联合BDI等心智状态模型基础上引入效用与概率因子，建立基于效用与概率因子的个体Agent的心智状态模型以及群组Agent联合心智状态模型，引入效用与概率因子满足Agent对环境的不确定性以及自利性的要求。

Different point basically is reflected in:(1) is on philosophical foundation, former it is guidance with Marxism philosophy, latter is directive;(2) to be on the purpose of research and jumping-off place with subjective idealism and metaphysics, former it is to be surplus value theory to lay a foundation, supply thought weapon for proletarian revolution, latter is to be bourgeois to serve;(3) to be on value source, former position works alive is the only fountainhead of value, latter thinks effectiveness or the fountainhead;(4) that effectiveness rate is value finally are on value Standard Dimension however, former consider as socially necessary labor time, latter considers as limit effectiveness to wait a moment.

不同之处主要体现在：(1)在哲学基础上，前者以马克思主义哲学为指导，后者以主观唯心主义和形而上学为指导；(2)在研究的目的和出发点上，前者是为剩余价值理论奠定基础，为无产阶级革命提供思想武器，后者则是为资产阶级服务；(3)在价值源泉上，前者主张活劳动是价值的惟一源泉，后者却认为效用或最后效用程度是价值的源泉；(4)在价值度量标准上，前者认为是社会必要劳动时间，后者认为是边际效用等等。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。