效用

In this dissertation,Von Numann and Morgenstern Axioms are analyzedagain at first.It is pointed out not only that preference relations are often latticeordered,but also that the transitivity axiom,along with the independence axiomand the continuity axiom is still rational to a high degree,then a new set ofaxioms for lattice-order decision-making behavior is established.At last,relatedsubjects based on lattice in preference theory,utility theory,decision-makingmethods,multiattribute decision-making,and group decision-making are studied.In this way,the lattice-order decision-making theory is framed.Main creativeresults are obtained as follows

本论文重新审视了Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理体系，对以前学者较少涉及到的连通性公理提出了质疑，指出偏好关系具有格特征，而传递性公理、独立性公理以及连续性公理在很大程度上仍具有合理性，进而创建了格序决策行为公理体系，研究了基于格的偏好理论、效用理论、决策方法、多目标决策以及群决策中的相关问题，初步构建了格序决策理论框架，主要研究成果如下

With considering of the risk, and through analyzing effective equations, the paper gains the generation company's supply curve and the power distribution company's demand curve of contract thus finds the effective bargaining section, and establishes the relations between the transaction capacity and price.

研究了双边合同谈判的动态形成过程。在风险规避的条件下，通过效用方程分析得到发电公司的合同供给曲线和配电公司的合同需求曲线，并确定了合同的有效谈判区间，从而建立了合同数量和价格的谈判关系。

The model included the cost and effectiveness of the smoking cessation program, cost and incidence of perioperative complications, postoperative mortality, and utility measured in quality adjusted life years.

模型包括戒烟计划的花费和效益、成本和围手术期并发症的发生率、手术后死亡率以及以生活质量调整的生命年的效用。

In China, in virtue of the costliness of health care expenses and the lowness of average consumer income, parts of consumers are unable to purchase enough health care to meet their true health care demand. Health insurance would improve this situation.

由于存在部分较低收入消费者，在社会医疗保险支付部分医疗服务费用后，低收入消费者的医疗服务需要得到了释放，其无保险时被严重压制的基本医疗需求得到了满足，这部分过渡利用医疗服务造成的医疗花费大大增加了低收入者的效用，也是对整体社会福利的增进。

On the other side, costumers in nowadays are seeking more characteristics and difference and high quality service can be an important means to improve costumer relation.

另一方面，当今顾客更加追求差异化与个性化，而优良的服务是增强客户关系的重要手段和顾客感受企业所提供的产品实体整体效用的一个主要指标。

Economic efficiency is measured by production function while CEA, CUA and CBA are used to assess cost result.

用生产函数来测量经济效率；用成本效果分析、成本效用分析和成本效益分析评价成本结果。

The comparison of information, especially the assessment made by domain expert or decision maker usually is a fuzzy concept, so it is necessary to introduce the fuzzy utility decision-making to evaluate the limited maintenance scenarios synthetically.

在实践中，不仅不同层次的决策者参考的决策因素不同，习惯偏好和侧重点不同，而且不同层次的决策者其权威性也不同，因而决策效用值也不相同。

Multiple attribute decision making ; utility function ; value function ; weight

多属性决策；效用函数；价值函数；权直

The paper analyzed the decision utilities from the point of context and information.

本文从语境和信息两个方面对博弈决策的效用进行了分析。

Firstly relied on the "Principal-Agent" theory, it will go through the microcosmic model analysis of corrupt behavior, including the avail analysis of "Defalcation corrupt behavior" and the equilibrium analysis of "Rent-seeking corrupt behavior", and then it will conclude some important factors which influence the corrupt behavior, such as the probability to be lighted, the salary of the officials, the degree and extent of the punishment and so on.Then it will go deep into the institutional analysis of the complicated corrupt phenomena. Relied on the institutional economics, this text will expound elaborate that during the compelling transformation of institutions, the structure of public power has an essential change. On the one hand, government has given up much public power; on the other hand, the cooperation mode between the government, the market and the society has not been perfected. So on account of the unbalance of public power structure, the disfigurement or blankness of the institutions was one of the vital institutional causes of the corruption.

首先以"委托——代理"理论为依托，对"贪污型腐败行为"和"寻租型腐败行为"进行微观的模型分析，通过对"贪污型腐败行为"的效用分析和"寻租型腐败行为"的均衡分析，推导出影响腐败行为的几个主要因素，如腐败的查处概率、政府官员的薪金、惩罚力度、个人的风险态度、租金的来源、市场主体的自主性、对行贿者的惩戒力度等等；接着对当前普遍而复杂的公共权力腐败现象进行深入的制度分析，运用制度经济学的理论，分析我国在强制性制度变迁过程中公共权力架构发生了本质的转变，政府在市场化的进程中一方面确实下放了很多公共权力，但另一方面市场和社会并没有充分发展起新的协作模式以弥补制度变迁过程中形成的制度缺陷或制度真空，因此，公共权力架构的失衡所形成的制度缺陷或制度空白成为了当前腐败蔓延的制度原因。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。