效率工

Wave is a very important problom in harbor engineeering.We must know the wave condition in the sea area before desingning the harbor structures,determining the overall arrangement and calculating the amount of deposit.

港口工程中，波浪是一个非常重要的问题，港工建筑物的设计、港口平面布局的确定、航道淤积量的计算等均需了解和掌握本海区的波浪情况，所以编制本系统的宗旨就是使由外海波浪要素推算到港区泊稳计算等一系列繁琐复杂的波浪推算工作都尽可能地通过计算机来实现，从而减轻工作强度、提高工作效率。

A study on the way to increase efficiency of impulse turbine is presented.

探讨了以火药燃气作为工质的运载火箭中所用的冲击式涡轮效率提高的途径。

Expander replaced throttle valves is another attractive way to approach Carnot cycle and improve the efficiency of the system.

在此基础上，对制冷热泵采用近卡诺循环工质后的效率及其它性能指标(热泵制热温度、可靠性、机组尺寸、使用寿命等)进行了计算和分析。

This paper, On the basis of defining the endo-irreversibility, discusses the basic favourable relation between efficiency and output power of irreversible Carnot cycle under two workings of cycle for case of QαΔ.

本文在给定内不可逆性的基础上，研究了Qα△时，两种循环工况下不可逆卡诺循环的输出功率与效率间的基本优化关系。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。