效率

In ChapterⅠ, we first define the connotation of bank efficiency, then emphasize the two major measuring methods—Data Envelopment Approach of nonparametric estimation and Stochastic Frontier Analysis of parametric estimation,which are used extensively in this field , and the ways of defining the put-in and put- out indexes for the efficiency measurement models.

正文的第一部分首先对银行效率的内涵进行了界定，然后重点介绍了国内外学术界应用较为广泛的效率测度理论与方法(参数估计的DEA方法与非参数估计的SFA方法)和效率测度模型中投入与产出变量的界定方法。

To check the validity of the model,a typical mechanism of nonrigid links with variable gas pressure,the internal combustion rock drill of YN23 type, was calculated and measured.

根据含变气压非刚性联接件机械输入功至输出功的输送路线，介绍了计算机数值模拟在效率计算方面的研究进展，着重讨论了其效率计算原理、各组成部分的效率计算方法和计算结果。

The spikes per plant of diploid and tetraploidspecies were higher, but the kernels per spike, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield werelower than those of hexaploid and octoploid species. The NYE, NHI and NPE of diploidand tetraploid were lower; NDE was higher than these of Hexaploid. Variation of NPE andNYE was higher than other NUE indexes, which indicated that NPE and NYE could beused as indexes for NUE differences in different wheat related species.

与普通小麦相比，二倍体和四倍体材料单株穗数较多，但穗粒数、千粒重和产量比较低；氮素籽粒生产效率、氮素收获指数和生理效率比较低，具有较高的氮素干物质生产能力；NYE和NPE的变异性较大，可以作为小麦不同近缘种氮素利用效率差异的主要指标。

The small size of the conventional micro/small gas turbine results in blade path of small dimensions for the conventional turbine. The small dimensions have a deleterious effect on component efficiency. In the APGC operating under ambient pressure, larger specific volume results in large dimension of blade path and higher component efficiency, and the higher overall thermal efficiency also.

由于传统的微型和小型燃机体积小，通流部分尺寸相对窄小，造成燃机元件的效率不高；而环境压力下吸热燃气轮机循环在低于环境压力下工作，因此，流经透平和压缩机的体积流量增加，提高了通流部分尺寸，有助于提高元件的内效率，进而提高装置的循环效率。

The project ducts research on new sealing structure of power-type white light emitting diode to achieve low thermal resistance and emitting efficiency over 80lm/W. It can promote phosphor transfer efficiency and improve sealing technique procedure, introduce automatic production and testing equipment,to increase white light LED emitting efficiency and other performance indexes and further large-scale productivity.

本项目专题研制开发功率型白光发光二极管新型封装结构，实现低热阻、发光效率达80lm/W以上的LED光源封装能力，提升自制荧光粉转换效率与制备技术，改进现有封装工艺制程，引进自动化生产及测试设备，提升白光LED发光效率及其其它各项性能指标，形成批量生产能力。

The second experiment is to fabricate white light LED from red and green phosphors pumped by blue light LED. The blue light LED we used in our experiment has the wavelength range between 450 and 452.5 nm, and the chip size is 17 mil *14 mil. There are two kinds white light LED we fabricated in the experiment. There are three blue light LED chips bonded in single package of both kinds package. The different of the both packages is mixed phosphor of encapsulation. One of the experimental devices was encapsulated YAG phosphor mixed silicone to fabricate white light. The other is red and green phosphor mixed encapsulation. The compared and focused parameter was luminous efficiency. YAG phosphor pumped white light has the luminous efficiency 72 lm/W, CRI 70, CIE(0.32, 0.33), CCT 5622°K at the operating current 60mA. On another hand, red and green phosphor pumped white light LED has the luminous efficiency 55 lm/W, CRI 90, CIE(0.31, 0.32), CCT 6479°K at the operating current 60mA. We fabricated the red and green phosphor pumped white light LED, and proved that it could has much higher CRI under similar compared conditions, CIE xy and CCT.

第二个实验是使用蓝光LED晶粒来制作白光元件，蓝光LED晶粒波段范围在450 ~ 452.5 nm，晶粒大小为17*14 mil，以三颗蓝光LED晶粒搭配YAG萤光粉(黄绿光 540 nm)制成白光元件，再以另外三颗蓝光LED晶粒搭配红色萤光粉(613 nm)混合绿色萤光粉(519 nm)制成的白光元件进行发光效率比较；搭配YAG萤光粉的白光元件在注入60 mA的电流时所量测到最大的发光效率是在72 lm/W，演色性数值大约为70，CIE色度座标为(0.32， 0.33)，色温是在5622 °K；而搭配红色萤光粉混合绿色萤光粉的白光元件在注入60 mA的电流时，最大的发光效率在55 lm/W，演色性数值大约为90，CIE色度座标为(0.31， 0.32)，色温在6479 °K；证明了蓝光LED晶粒搭配红色萤光粉混合绿色萤光的白光元件演色性指数可以高达90 以上的结果。

It is indicated that employing the new oil pumping unit can raise the efficiency of the sucker rod pump under the surface.

分析与计算结果表明，新型液压抽油机的效率较常规游梁式抽油机的效率有较小幅度的提高，并指出了这种抽油机对提高井下效率的可能性。

Pyronine B adheres to on the surface of CdS and prevents CdS aggregating, which leads to the decrease of fluorescence quantum yield of CdS. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer happens from CdS to Rhodamine B, Butyl rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G, respectively. There is a higher FRET efficiency between CdS and Neutral red with the value being 0.282. Moreover, coupling reaction between -NH_2 of Neutral red and -COOH of CdS -TGA leads to red shift of CdS fluorescence spectrum. The reaction also occurs between Safranine T and CdS. At the same time, the Fluorescence of ST is quenched by forming ST -CdS ground state complex. Chapter 6, CdS QDs modified by chitosan and polyethyleneimine can be quenched by Cu~(2+). According to the experimental result, we develop the novel sensor for Cu~(2+).

研究结果，吡啰红与CdS之间作用形式是染料聚集在CdS的表面使得CdS不易聚集，但同时也降低了CdS的发光的量子效率；罗丹明B、罗丹明6G、丁基罗丹明B均与CdS之间存在能量转移，位阻效应使得能量转移效率最高的BRhB的相对荧光强度增大最小；中性红与CdS的能量转移效率更高，同时推测可能使CdS-TGA上的-COOH与部分NR的-NH_2发生偶联导致粒子变大而发生荧光光谱的红移；番红花红与CdS是相互荧光猝灭，可能是ST的-NH_2与CdS-TGA上的-COOH发生偶联使得纳米粒子变大以及二者形成基态复合物的共同作用的影响。

By using plug flow and trajectory model s, the inclusion-removal efficiency to the processof purifying liquid metal contained in triangle/rectangular pipe by travelling magnetic field are analyzedtheoretically.

采用活塞流及轨线模型，对行波磁场净化液态金属时，三角形及矩形管中夹杂物的去除效率进行了理论分析，找出了提高夹杂物去除效率的途径；对两种形状管的夹杂物去除效率进行了比较；确定了行波磁场能有效去除夹杂物的粒径范

According to slack variable analysis, there are 19 DMU in 2004 and 2005 to have more energy input than needed. Among them, 5 DMU have inefficient energy consumption in ed too much for the amount of energy consumption in consecutive years.

以差额变量分析在2004 及2005 年共有19 个DMU ，分别在当年度能源耗用量是投入过多，而其中又有5 个DMU 是连续二年能源耗用量投入过多的单位，相对於其他单位无效率且浪费的，也造成经营无效率，换言之，无效率旅馆的能源投入量有进一步减少的空间。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。