效率

The design mainly works on many factors which effecting the volume efficiency of fracturing pump. These factors are working conditions of the pump,imbibitional valve,expulsive valve,clearance volume,sealing property, condensability of influent, liquid leakage and elastic defletion of pump cylinder. Based on these facors, we should induce the efficiency expression, famulate differential eguation and emulational mathematical model of fracturing pump.

本设计主要针对影响压裂泵容积效率的因素如：泵的工作情况、吸液阀结构参数、余隙容积、密封性能、液体的可压缩性、液体泄漏、泵缸的弹性形变等方面进行分析，在此基础上导出效率的表达式，建立微分方程，并建立压裂泵效率仿真的数学模型。

Efficiency ; Technical efficiency ; Cost result ; Allocation efficiency

效率；技术效率；成本结果；配置效率

Then the overall performance of the cycle with different organic working fluids was analyzed individually. Compared with the conventional cycle configuration used for only recovering the exhaust heat, the present cycle has higher waste heat recovery efficiency. The overall efficiency of the cycle with cyclopentane and R113 is 20.83% and 16.51%, respectively.

与传统的只回收发动机排气余热的热力循环系统相比，文中提出的构型其余热回收效率更高，当采用环戊烷为ORC工质时，循环系统的整体效率为20.83%；当采用R113为ORC工质时，循环系统的整体效率为16.51%。

The effects of cylindrical lens shape and the laser-fiber distance on relative coupling efficiency are also studied.

给出了一个计算980 nm泵浦激光二极管与柱形透镜光纤耦合角向容忍度的理论模型，并选择圆形的柱透镜光纤进行数值计算，得出了在水平和垂直方向上偏转加平移时的相对耦合效率及绕光纤轴向转动的相对耦合效率的数值计算结果并加以分析，同时也研究了光纤透镜的形状和激光二极管与光纤的间距对相对耦合效率的影响。

The main effect factors of the middle-transport efficiency are the level of transport supply and the structure of transport supply, the degree of transport modes technology progress, the degree of competition and cooperation among the transport modes or within the special transport mode, the degree of symmetry of the obligation of every transport mode and the regulation degree of the government. The main effect factors of the micro-transport efficiency are the market environment, the impetus mechanism, the response capacity and the level of transport organizing and technology progress.

本文提出宏观运输效率的主要影响因素是运输相关技术的发展水平和运输政策选择；中观运输效率的主要影响因素是运力供给水平与结构、运输方式的技术进步程度、运输方式之间及其内部的竞争与合作程度、各运输方式与社会受托责任的对称性程度、政府对各运输方式的管制程度；微观运输效率的主要影响因素是市场环境、运输企业的内部动力机制、运输企业的应变能力及运输企业的生产组织和技术进步水平。

There are two typical ideas for solving subject reconstruction inside and outside our country. One is the denationalization of property rights, that is, if the enterprise is denationalized, the efficiency will follow. The other is the idea of competition . It thinks that denationalization is not directly connected with the efficiency of enterprises while competition is the key point. The enterprises can gain efficiency only through forming competitve market mechanism.

国内外对解决市场主体重构有二种典型的观点，一种是产权私有化观点；就是说只要进行私有化，企业的效率就随之而来；另一种是竞争论，认为私有化与企业效率没有直接联系，而竞争化才是关键，只有形成具有竞争化市场机制，企业就会获得效率。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

Some studies indicate that the industry concentration ratio is too low and the scale of firms is too small which is bad for the improvement of efficiency,but others has the opposite opinions that China steel industry has the characteristic of diseconomy of scale and there is not an obvious relation between efficiency and market structure.

关于市场结构和经济绩效之间的关系，概括起来主要有市场力量假说和效率结构假说。不同的假说意味着不同的政策含义。确定我国钢铁行业规模效率特征和市场结构与企业效率的关系是实施正确产业政策的基础，具有重要意义。

Dredging grab is a very important component of dredger, the enhancement of its working efficiency, will be helpful to the dredging efficiency directly, and also will enhance the capability and working efficiency of the dredger, this is meaningful to the dredging industry.

作为挖泥船的重要组成部分之一疏浚抓斗的挖掘效率的提高，将从源头上影响挖掘的效率，提高挖泥船的工作能力和效率，这对于疏浚有着现实的意义。

Some conclusions are followed:(1)the reaction ratio of boron is 12% in primary combustion;(2)the degree of agglomeration can be decreased adopting boron coated with AP;(3)the content of oxygen is very important for afterburning efficiency;(4)the afterburning efficiency will be changed with different air-gas ratio;(5)the head distance of after-burning chamber is increasing, the circumfluence in the head of after-burning chamber is stronger and the distribution of fuel backward the after-burning chamber is more well-proportioned.(6)the combustion efficiency of DR will be improved by increasing the area of fuel nozzle.(7)the angle between dual air-inlets have complex influence with the combustion of DR.

通过本项研究，取得如下结论：（1）一次燃烧硼反应比例在12～15％之间；（2）AP包覆硼，可以降低硼结团度，有利于一次燃烧喷射效率的提高，也有利于硼在补燃室进行二次燃烧；（3）进气空气中的氧含量对二次燃烧非常重要；（4）对于一定配方的含硼富燃推进剂，不同的空燃比，二次燃烧效率不同；（5）补燃室头部距离的增加能增强补燃室头部回流以及提高燃料在补燃室后段分布的均匀性；（6）在一定范围内，增加一次燃气喷嘴面积能提高冲压发动机燃料的燃烧效率；（7）进气道夹角对补燃室内燃料的燃烧影响复杂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。