故障的

Since the 1960s,the leading shipbuilding countries begin to study on the ship condition monitoring and trouble analysis, Nobodys engine-room shipping on duty appeared .certainly the condition monitoring and trouble analysts system also meets some question ,such as: only give alarm or show the actual value of the parameter, does not possess the function of analyzing and giving operator the direct suggestion function about the complicated trouble reason , Only monitor the present running conditions, does not possess the function of predicting equipment future and run reliability though trouble analysis technology makes good progress in these yeas, onboard the ship is still rare .aiming to improve the shipping safety, this paper make some research work on the ship engine-room, the main innovation are as follows:Firstly, this paper introduces and analyzes the research work and current situation on the condition monitoring, trouble analysis and safety assessment .especially in the maritime fields .

船舶机舱系统结构复杂，故障源多，征兆参数丰富，故障与征兆之间常常不存在简单的对应关系，而是相互影响，关系错综复杂。60年代以来，世界上先进的造船国家都相继开展了船舶机械状态监控和故障诊断的研究，出现了无人值班机舱船舶，但仍存在不足之处，如：只给报警提示或显示参数的实际值，不具备对复杂故障的原因分析并给操作者以直接的提示或建议功能；只监测当前的运行状况，不具备预测设备未来运行可靠性的功能；尽管近年来设备故障诊断技术得到了很大的发展，但真正能成功应用于实船的尚不多见。本论文以船舶机舱为对象，以提高船舶营运安全性为目标，来研究船舶机舱的安全控制技术，主要内容如下：首先，介绍和分析了状态监测、故障诊断和安全评估的研究内容和现状，尤其是在船舶领域的研究近况。

And based on the analysis on the relationship of the positive and the negative sequence impedance,also the positive and negative fault component current under simple and duplicate fault conditions,a cross-country fault identifier is proposed in this paper.

同时通过对线路发生单纯性故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

Based on the analysis on the relationship of the positive and the negative sequence impedance, also the positive and negative fault component current under simple and duplicate fault conditions, a cross-country fault identifier is proposed.

通过对线路发生单纯性故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

Under the circumstance of simple fault on double circuit transmission lines, the positive-sequence impedance is equal to the negative-sequence impedance, and the positive fault component current is equal to or greater than the negative circuit.

文中通过对线路发生简单故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

1Investigate equipment failures, determine root cause of failure, and recommend appropriate solutions to reduce reoccurrence

调查设备故障并且判断故障引发原因，建议采取适当的解决方法减少故障的复发/消除故障。

In real flight, multiple sensors of aircraft engine control system may fault at a time. In order to solve this problem, a revised multiple-failure-hypothesis based testing is investigated. This approach uses multiple Kalman filters, and each of Kalman filter is designed based on a specific hypothesis for detecting specific sensors fault, and then uses WSSR (Weighted Sum of Squared Residual) to deal with Kalman filter residuals, and residual signals are compared with threshold in order to make fault detection decisions. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be used to detect multiple sensors soft failures fast and accurately.

一般认为两个以上传感器同时发生故障的概率较小，但实际上不能排除其发生的可能性；提出了一种改进的多重故障假设方法来解决航空发动机控制系统多传感器同时发生软故障的问题，这一方法采用一组卡尔曼滤波器，每个滤波器对应一个被检测传感器的故障模态；采用残差加权二乘方处理滤波残差并与门限值作比较来判断是否发生故障；仿真结果表明，所提出的方法能有效解决多传感器软故障的检测与隔离问题。

At the same time, on the base of analysis of the present situation, the development trend and the leading edge technology, the necessity and feasibility about the exploitation of the full hydraulic bulldozer"s sate monitoring and fault diagnosis system is given; According to the structure, working feature and working environment, it works out system schema and system composition; The system is divided into display module, communication module and fault diagnosis module by means of block design, the implementation method and key parameter are also given; In light of the features of the full hydraulic bulldozer, the state monitoring and fault diagnosis platform composed of controller RC6-9 and display DI2/10 is designed based on CAN-Bus and the hardware design is completed; It lists the measured values and state of monitored parameters which should be real-time displayed in monitoring module as well as the data which will be transmitted; Furthermore, On the base of the study of, it gives 34 kinds of constant faults" diagnosis methods; Using BODAS software and DPS software, it compile the program code of the controller and the displayer; At last, this paper design and make the simulation test device of control system of construction machinery, through the experiment, the realizability, the categoricalness, the reliability, the stability and real-time are tested, in addition, the improved methods are given.

本文收集整理了国内外智能推土机研究的相关文献资料，综合分析了国内外智能推土机的研究现状、发展趋势和前沿技术，论证了开发全液压推土机智能系统的重要组成部分&全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统&的必要性和可行性；根据全液压推土机的结构、作业特点和作业环境，制定了全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统方案，确定了系统的结构组成；采用模块化设计方法，将整个系统分成了显示、通信和故障诊断三个模块，给出了各模块功能的实现方法，确定了各模块的关键技术参数：选用RC6-9和DI2／10作为系统的控制器和显示器，用CAN总线搭建了系统的通信平台，完成了系统的硬件设计；确定了系统监测参数和通信数据，对全液压推土机常见故障特征进行了分析，给出了34种常见故障的诊断方法；在BODAS软件和DPS软件的集成编程环境下，编写了控制器和显示器程序；设计并制作了工程机械控制系统模拟试验板，并在此基础上通过多次的程序调试与试验，对所设计的全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统功能的可实现性、完备性、可靠性、稳定性和实时性进行了检验，证实了此系统的可行性，并提出了进一步的改进方案和措施。

This paper starts with the different characteristic between simple line fault and cross country fault ,new method for identifying simple fault and cross country fault is put forward.

从同杆并架并架双回线跨线故障和单回线故障的不同电气特征出发，分析了现有的主要选相元件在同杆并架线路发生跨线故障时所存在的问题，提出了基于跨线故障识别的同杆并架双回线故障选相的新方案。

The thesis mainly concerns the following aspects: the relay protection and its trip-close circuit of two circuits transmission-lines are stand alone. The device has the ability of phase-trip that is owns transmission line single phase , 2 or 3phases fault only fault phase tripped.so as to making the power system contact as close as possible. The function of reclosing distribute into relay protection of line and breaker, so it is easy to get no-serious fault information of line protection and realize self-adapted multi pole reclosing. The breaker reclosing depend on the state of owns breaker andthe adjacent breaker. The criterion of serious fault and the sequence reclosing is simple and useful.

本项目具有如下特点：两回线的保护装置及跳、合闸回路完全独立；装置具有分相跳闸功能，即本线单相、两相、三相故障时均只跳故障相，使得故障时系统联系尽可能紧密；重合闸功能合理分配在线路保护和断路器保护中，充分利用了线路保护的信息实现无严重故障判别和分相顺序重合策略的自适应重合功能，由断路器保护根据断路器本身的工作状态和相邻断路器的配合关系实现重合出口；判断严重故障的判据及分相顺序重合闸原理简单合理，具有实用意义，降低了重合于永久故障对系统的冲击。

Two GFRF system model identify algorithms based respectively on Signal Flow Graph/Driving Point Impedance and EDA simulation are proposed. In order to solve the problem of fault diagnosis that the inner structure and parameters of the Object under Test cannot be able to determine, a new fault diagnosis method based on the phase space reconstruction and GFRF general formula is investigated. This method builds up a bridge between the chaos theory and Volterra series analysis, which does not strongly depend on the topological structure and the testing data length, is sensitive to the fault property, traces monotonously the change of system fault, and possesses some significant predominance compared with conventional fault diagnosis methods of analog circuits.

提出了基于信号流图/驱动点阻抗法的GFRF算法和基于EDA仿真和非线性频谱响应特性分析的系统模型辨识算法，为解决工程实践中不能确知被测对象内部结构和参数时的故障诊断问题，研究了基于相空间重构和GFRF简化算法的复杂电子系统故障诊断方法，该方法建立了混沌理论与Volterra级数分析法之间的桥梁，它对被测对象的拓扑结构依赖性不强，对被测系统的故障性质的敏感，可以单调地跟踪系统故障的变化，这种基于混沌特性分析的故障诊断方法与其它的模拟电路的故障诊断方法相比较具有显著的优势。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。