故障的

Statistic data indicate that windings is most possible blooey. Wingdings fault occupied 60%-70% in the power transformer.

统计资料表明：在变压器各类故障中，绕组发生故障的机会最大，约占整个故障的60％-70％，在绕组各类故障中，最常见的就是绕组匝间短路(包括绕组层间短路、股间短路等等)，从广义上讲，绕组故障都可以归结于匝间短路。

By transforming the equation in phase coordinates to the equation in symmetrical components coordinates, dividing circulator nodes and non circulator nodes, and optimizing the diagonal matrices calculation, the method is developed and found to have higher calculation efficiency.

利用统一的变换公式，只需改变变换矩阵，就可以处理各种简单故障和复杂故障。同时给出了对应于常见故障的变换矩阵，并与断线故障处理方法配合，可以完成任意故障的处理。

Aiming at the characteristic of network fault,MM* model and Fault Tree Analysis are introduced into network fault diagnosis modeling.An algorithm is proposed which analyzes and diagnoses network fault,extracts the minimum cut sets quantificationally with Fault Tree Analysis,then detects and orients network fault with MM* model by testing the geminate nodes selected from minimum cut sets.

针对网络故障特点，将MM*模型和FTA方法引入网络故障诊断建模中，设计了一种用FTA方法进行网络故障的系统分析与诊断，并定量求解出所有故障可能的最小割集，然后用MM*模型从最小割集中选取测试点对进行单点故障检测与定位的网络故障诊断算法。

Aimed at the characteristic of multiple types of faults possibly happened in nuclear power plant, large scale of training sample, and requirement of quick and accurate diagnosing, after the analysis of large sample number generated by large fault type exceeds limitation of 64K paragraph in DOS and large number of local minmum in error surface, measurements of same format of data file, Win95/NT operating system platform, resetting weight learning rate, dynamic training set in quick learning algorithm and improvement on quick learning algorithm using homotopy method which can avoid local minmum points in error surface have been adopted to ensure quickly and effective process of the course of neural network's training and testing.

针对核动力装置可能发生的故障种类多，训练样本规模大，故障诊断需要快速准确的特点等，分析了样本多和故障种类多产生的训练样本量超出DOS段大小和网络误差曲面上局部极小值多的情况，采取了使用相同格式数据文件、Win95/NT操作系统平台，对快速学习算法采用重置神经网络权值学习率和动态训练集、并采用能够有效克服网络误差曲面上局部极小点的同伦方法对学习算法进行改进等措施保证神经网络训练测试过程的快速、有效地进行；针对装置发生的故障须快速、准确诊断的需要，分析了故障的产生对装置参数变化的影响及操纵员对故障诊断的基础，在核动力装置发生故障时参数曲线的变化量与正常运行时参数曲线的变化量存在明显差异的基础上，提出采用参数曲线的变化量作为神经网络的输入，并围绕参数变化量的方法采用二次曲线拟合滤波求变化量和阈值技术来保证神经网络得到精确的装置参数变化量，从而得到准确的诊断结果。

After the tripped phase current from shunt reactor was calculated using the transient fault model as the prototype whether transient or permanent fault, the difference between the calculated current and the measured one of the fault phase from shunt reactor was employed to identify permanent fault. When the single-phase fault is transient, the calculated current is close to the actual measured current.

该方法以瞬时性故障为参考模型，求取并联电抗器故障相电流，采用该求取电流与并联电抗器故障相实际测量电流之差同中性点小电抗器电流幅值比来实现永久性故障的判别。

And an on-line adaptative training algorithm of the weights of neuron is given, which enhances fusion precision of the model, fault tolerance and adaptive ability for subsystems 4 In order to diagnose the soft fault of integrated system, a new fault detection method is proposed based on federated filter, which can detect fault of system in short interval and greatly enhance the method sensitivity to fault A fault diagnosis method of Dynamically Tuned Gyro baesd on parameter estimation of kinetics model of rotor, and signal pretreatment, parameter estimation and strategy of fault identification are studied in detail The method can locate fault of DTG correctly and effectively, which provides a new approach and idea for gyro fault diagonsis 5 In order to diagnose the hard fault of integrated system, fault tree analysis is studied on fault disgnosis of integrated system circuits, and the hardware and software of disgnosis system are developed, with faults located to main module and circuit For futhur diagnosis, an optimal measurement technology in detection of circuits is discussed by improving an algorithm based on information theory, and a pratical method based on half-split method is proposed.

针对组合系统的软故障诊断问题，提出了基于联合滤波模型的一种新的故障检测算法，给出了算法的理论推导过程，该算法能在较短的时间内检测出系统故障，提高了算法对故障的敏感度；研究了基于动调陀螺转子动力学模型参数辨识的故障诊断方法，就其中的信号预处理、参数辨识及故障决策方法等关键技术进行了详细的研究，该方法可以正确、有效地检测与定位动调陀螺故障，为陀螺故障诊断提供了新的途径和思路。 5。针对组合系统的硬故障诊断问题，研究了基于系统浅知识推理的故障树法在组合系统电路子系统故障诊断中的应用，开发了相关诊断系统的软硬件，故障可定位到系统的主要功能模块和电路板级。为了进一步的故障定位，研究了电路板故障的最优检测问题，完善了基于信息理论的优化算法，并提出了基于&对分法&的一种实用的优化算法，故障可定位到电路板的主要功能元件级。在组建的SINS/GPS组合系统实验平台上，针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究。

Faults of ball milling system in power plant are analyzed by means of fault tree analysis. A fault tree is established that contains faults of ball mill, coal feeder, mill exhauster and separator. The minimal cut set is figured out. The cause for the faults are detailed.

利用故障树分析法对火力发电厂制粉系统的常见故障进行了分析研究，建立了制粉系统的故障树，涵盖了球磨机、给煤机、排粉机、粗细粉分离器的常见故障，求出了其最小割集，给出了制粉系统发生故障的原因及导致故障各种原因组合的可能性。

Exogenous fault mechanics model characterizes wave making vibration propagation process caused by structural defects, defines transmission and reflection property of stress wave during the propagation, and provides theoretical basis for determining and seperating various kinds of polygenetic wave speed, which can be used in inversion and location of structural fault with satisfaction. By comprehensively using the two types of fault model that we presented, this paper has satisfactorily solved the classification and recognition of polygenetic faults of rotary support.

内源性故障力学模型较好地说明了回转支承内部的各种故障的形成和发展机理，描述了故障存在时回转支承的振动激励响应特性，为多源故障信号的分类识别提供了一种理论模型，外源性故障力学模型描述了由结构缺陷引起的波致振动传播过程，解释了传播过程中应力波的传递与反射特性，为各类故障波速的确定与分离提供了理论基础，能较好地用于结构故障的反演与定位。

Driveline failures are common failure of automotive engine failure, and transmission clutch failure at a large proportion of fault, however, the fault diagnosis of the clutch is a highly technical job.

传动系的故障是汽车发动机故障的常见故障，而离合器的故障在传动系统故障中占有很大比例，然而诊断离合器的故障是一项技术性很强的工作。

After observing the physical course of the single-phase grounding of transmission line, analyzing by the wavelet transformation the transient signals sampled during the fault period from the moment that single-phased grounding occurs to the moment that line breakers work, we can distinguish temporary fault from permanent one through the wave form.

本文提出了一种不同于现有故障类型判别的思路，通过考察线路单相接地故障的物理过程，利用小波变换理论分析处理线路单相瞬时性故障和永久性故障在故障发生后断路器开断前时间段的暂态信号，通过波形识别区分两种故障。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。