故障时间

There are four main topics in this paper:(1) improvement of BP networks algorithm;(2) improvement of BP networks structure, and applying the improved BP networks to the prediction of the time series with certain increasing or decreasing tendency;(3) using the BP networks to diagnose the vibration faults of steam turbines;(4) prediction on the cleanliness rate of steam condenser and the fuzzy diagnosis for condenser based on BP networks.

本文主要研究了四个问题：(1)完善和改进了BP网络的训练算法；(2)BP网络结构的改进研究，并将其应用于汽轮机故障这类有确定性递增趋势的时间序列的预测中；(3)BP网络应用于汽轮机的振动故障诊断研究；(4)基于BP网络的凝汽器清洁率的预测方法及模糊诊断研究。

By using the vector Markov process theory and Laplace transform methods, we obtain some reliability indices such as the Laplace transform of the reliability of the system, the mean time to the first failure of the system, the steady-state availability and the steady-state failure frequency.

利用向量Markov过程理论和Laplace变换的方法，求出了系统可靠度的Laplace变换，系统首次故障前平均时间的表达式，系统的稳态可用度和稳态故障频度等可靠性指标。

Empirical Bayes estimates of steady-state availability in exponential distribution model;2. Using vector Markov process theory and Laplace transform method,we obtain the Laplace transform of the reliability,the mean time to first failure,the steady-state availability and the steady-state failure frequency and so.

利用向量Markov过程理论和Laplace变换的方法，求出了系统可靠度的Laplace变换，系统首次故障前平均时间的表达式，系统的稳态可用度和稳态故障频度等可靠性指标；此外，还通过数值比较考察了系统参数对系统稳态可用度的影响，并对系统进行了效益分析。

Considering the specialty of pseudo-random vector, a partial scan algorithm for BIST, which unifying the structure analysis and testability analysis, is presented in this paper. Then, the fault simulation experiments on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits by this algorithm is made, and the results, which made by the full scan algorithm and the partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, is compared. The conclusion is achieved: for pseudo-random vector, compared with the full scan circuit and the circuit geted by partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, the circuit geted by our partial scan algorithm can greatly reduce the test time with very close or even greater faults coverage and less area than the full scan.

考虑到伪随机测试向量的特殊性，本文借鉴确定性测试向量生成的部分扫描算法，在内建自测试环境中，提出一种综合结构分析和可测性分析的部分扫描算法，PSBAST，并运用此算法对ISCAS89 benchmark电路进行计算，并对经计算后得到的部分扫描电路进行故障模拟，最后将模拟结果与全扫描电路和一种仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的结果进行详细分析和比较，结果表明：对于伪随机测试向量，相对于全扫描电路和由仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的电路，本文提出的部分扫描算法得到的电路，能够在不低于全扫描结构故障覆盖率前提下，大幅度减少测试时间，并能降低测试面积开销。

This design is aims at the situation of Qianjiaying Mine existing protective device electivity leakage protection malfunction, development the high voltage intelligence switch has the protection function of leakage, overload, short circuit and monitor, thus reduces the breakdown power cut scope,and it is advantageous for the troubleshooting, reduces the power cut time, enhances the reliability of power supply.

本设计是针对钱家营矿现有的保护装置选择性漏电保护功能失效的情况，开发具有漏电、过载、短路和监视等保护功能的高压智能开关，用以减小故障停电范围，便于寻找故障，缩短停电时间，提高供电的可靠性。

The method utilizes multi-source,heterogenic sensors to gather data of all kind equipment character and utilizes fuzzy neural network as ex-ecutive institution of diagnosis adjudging to diagnose cause of equipment fault and to assess the equipment running sit uation.

当诊断对象内部结构功能复杂时，为有效判别故障情况必须大量增加检测元件、检测手段以及增加计算复杂度，从而导致故障诊断设备的成本和时间增长。

The results are significant to improving design and Selection of large pump units, reducing failure frequency, diagnosing and obviating failures exactly in time, reducing maintenance and repair time and costs, and ensuring maintenance quality.

成果对改进大型水泵机组的设计选型，减少故障发生，及时准确诊断和排除故障，缩短维修时间，降低维修费用，确保维修质量有重大意义。

Digital simulation for the integrated imformation transmission network of a certain power company is performed, the QoS under three configuration schemes, i.e., without QoS configuraiton, with simple differnece service configuraiton and with MPLS network configuration, are compared. Comparison resutls show that the configuration scheme of MPLS network can implement the load balance among link circuits and possesses fault self-recovery mechanism, so the failure elements can be quickly detected and the switching over of data flow among label switched paths can be realized. The fault recovery time is within miliseconds, therefore the QoS of power system realtime information can be ensured effectively and the QoS of various non-realtime information can be considered as well.

对某电力公司信息综合传输网络进行了数字仿真，比较了无服务质量配置、单纯差分服务配置和MPLS网络配置3种方案下的服务质量，结果表明：MPLS网络配置方案能够实现链路间的负载均衡，具有自愈性故障恢复机制，可以快速检测到失效元件并在多条标签交换路径之间实现数据流量的切换，故障恢复时间在毫秒级，可以有效保证电力系统实时信息的服务质量，并可同时兼顾各种非实时信息的服务质量。

The appraisal and the finding of current mill condition , the forecasting of conditiontrend ,fault diagnosis 、maintenance strategy arithmetic and decision-making deducingprocess.To enhance software function of equipment management information system, mill condition-based maintenance software aided system is developed,it can save mill condition data into equipment information management platform,through mill software module to analysis sequenced detection data and automaticly give the appraisal of current mill condition , the forecasting of condition trend ,fault diagnosis,maintenance strategy and decision-making suggestion for mill technician as a reference to decide whether tostart mill condition-based maintenance.

在燃煤电厂既有的设备点检和大小修管理信息系统软件平台的基础上，进一步开发磨煤机的状态检修软件支持系统模块，能存储磨煤机的状态点检数据入设备信息管理平台，通过磨煤机状态检修软件支持系统模块对一段时间内的磨煤机点检数据进行处理从而给出磨煤机当前状态的分析与评价，磨煤机状态趋势的预测，磨煤机的故障分析、故障原因查找和解决措施，将最终的维修决策建议提供给磨煤机的专业技术维修人员和管理决策者参考，结合软件分析和人工经验的干预以决定是否开始磨煤机的状态检修。

The amplitudes of forward and backward travelling wave caused by a fault were integrated respectively within a short time after fault. The fault direction was determined by the ratio of the integral values.

该方案基于故障发生后一段时间内，正向行波幅值积分与反向行波幅值积分的比值来确定故障方向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。