故障

After the tripped phase current from shunt reactor was calculated using the transient fault model as the prototype whether transient or permanent fault, the difference between the calculated current and the measured one of the fault phase from shunt reactor was employed to identify permanent fault. When the single-phase fault is transient, the calculated current is close to the actual measured current.

该方法以瞬时性故障为参考模型，求取并联电抗器故障相电流，采用该求取电流与并联电抗器故障相实际测量电流之差同中性点小电抗器电流幅值比来实现永久性故障的判别。

However, the faults of the Condensation Equipment have pilosity nature, uncertainty and disguise which make difficulties for fault diagnosis of the Condensation Equipment. The fault sign and the fault reason of the Condensation Equipment have complex non-linear mapping relations, therefore it can not use simple model to describe. This has brought the puzzle for the classic fault diagnosis theory.

但是，凝汽设备的故障具有多发性、不确定性等特点，而且故障征兆与故障原因之间存在着复杂的非线性映射关系，很难建立合适的模型，因此运用经典故障诊断技术难以解决其诊断问题。

However, the ocular of hydraulic systems working condition is bad. It is difficult to obtain the parameter of hydraulic system. The fault of hydraulic system has pilosity nature, uncertainty and disguise. The fault sign and the fault reason of hydraulic system have complex non-linear mapping relations, therefore it cannot use the simple functional relation to describe. This has brought the difficulty for the classics fault diagnosis technology. The intelligent diagnosis technology base on ANN and ES can solove the above problem well and the diagnosis result is more accurate and reliable.

但是，液压系统工作状况直观性差，参数不易获取，故障具有多发性、不确定性和隐蔽性；液压系统故障征兆与故障原因之间存在复杂的非线性映射关系，不能用简单的函数关系来描述，给经典故障诊断技术带来了困难，而基于神经网络和专家系统的智能诊断技术很好的解决了上述问题，使诊断结果更加准确可靠。

To speed up the fault diagnosis of electrical equipment analog PCB circuit, this paper uses the principle of DC fault dictionary and the areafault location method, improves the com- ponent model and circuit description program, thus studies analog PCB automatic fault diagnosis system.

为提高电子装备模拟印制板电路故障诊断的速度，本文使用直流故障字典法原理，运用区域性故障定位方法，改进器件模型和电路描述程序，设计了模拟印制板电路故障自动诊断系统。

According to the controllability and observability theory of the system and based on the analysis of the redundancy of the components in the control system, the fault-tolerant condition in the failure system were discussed and used for a quantitative fault-tolerant analysis for the pressure control system in a pressurizer.

热力系统的控制是至关重要的，控制系统的性能直接影响热能动力装置的安全、正常运行，容错控制的目的就是为了提高控制系统的可靠性和安全性。在复杂控制系统的运行过程中，经常会随机地出现一些故障，如系统参数跳变故障、传感器故障、执行器故障等[1] 。

In order to deal with the stochastic characters of fault location, fault type, fault clearing time, and load level etc., this paper proposed a transient stability probability analysis method based on curve fitting.

考虑电力系统发生故障时，故障位置、故障类型、故障切除时间以及负荷水平都具有随机性，提出了一种基于曲线拟合的暂态稳定概率评估方法。

Then three performance measures of flexible assembly systems ——flexiblity, reliability and producibility, are examined.

一个机器人故障排除系统分为三部分：故障检测、故障诊断和故障排除。

1Investigate equipment failures, determine root cause of failure, and recommend appropriate solutions to reduce reoccurrence

调查设备故障并且判断故障引发原因，建议采取适当的解决方法减少故障的复发/消除故障。

At present, a lot of research work has been done in the fault diagnosis area and many technologies are proposed. However, there are still many issues remain to be resolved, such as the network diagnosis problem under the circumstances of a great deal of alarm loss and spuriousness alarms and the imprecise fault model.

当前，业界对网络故障诊断已经进行了许多研究工作，从不同的出发点提出了许多故障诊断技术，但仍存在很多问题尚未解决，如在告警丢失、虚假告警较严重和故障模型误差较大的情况下的故障诊断。

Aimed at the problem of choosing the initial value when the Newton method is used to compute the controlling unstable equilibrium point, a practical and rigorous solving scheme was presented: by identifying the controlling load bus of the given fault, and using the Thevenin equivalent circuit to represent the rest of the system at the state of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point, using the steady equivalent circuit to represent the induction motor in composite load, and then using the torque characteristics of induction motor, a point near the CUEP is gained to be the initial value. The second order normal forms was used to approximate the stable manifold of CUEP, and the local approximating boundary of the region of attraction of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point was gained. Then just by simulating the state of the system at the fault clearing time, the transient voltage stability of the system could be determined.

针对采用牛顿法求取故障后系统主导不稳定平衡点(controlling unstable equilibrium point，CUEP)存在的初值选取难题，提出一种实用但不失严谨的解决方案：通过识别给定故障的主导负荷母线，对主导负荷母线以外系统由故障后稳定平衡点处的状态进行戴维南等值，对负荷中感应电动机部分采用其稳态等值电路，再由感应电动机的转矩特性求得CUEP附近的一个点作为近似的CUEP，以此为迭代初值可靠求得CUEP；采用二阶正规型来近似CUEP的稳定流形的方法求得近似的局部吸引域边界；由仿真得到故障清除时刻系统的状态并根据该状态是否位于吸引域内判断系统的暂态电压稳定性。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。