故障

To make paper more systematic and practical, this paper has first introduced the development history of CT equipment, then, elaborate construction of system and theworking principle of CT equipment systematically, including the property of X-ray, the absorption law of X-ray for materials, the reconstruction principle of CT image, the structure of software and hardware for CT equipment. Finally, with 2 CT systems that we used, statistic and analysis of all the malfunctions which have carried out in passed 10 years was given, and according to the systematic parts of fault located, classify the malfunctions, then elaborate their working principle one by one, analyze the regularity and the characteristic of each malfunction, and put forward specific prevention method and measure for the malfunction.

为了使论文更具系统性和实用性，本论文首先介绍了CT设备的发展史，然后比较系统地阐述CT设备的工作原理及系统结构，包括X射线的特性和物质对x射线的吸收规律，CT图像的重建原理，CT设备的软、硬件结构等，最后以我们所使用的2台CT为例，对10余年来所出现的故障进行了全面的统计分析，并按故障所处的系统部件进行分类，然后逐个阐述其工作原理，分析其故障的特点和规律，并就这些故障提出具体的预防方法和措施。

By analyzing, the fault transient component of third harmonic voltage at neutral is approximately equal to that at terminal. Choosing their sum and difference as the action and restrai nt signal respectively, the protection detects the ground fault by comparing the spectrum energy of action and restraint signals.

该保护方案根据单相接地故障后机端和中性点 3次谐波电压的故障暂态分量近似相同的特点，把两个故障分量的相量和与相量差分别作为保护动作信号及制动信号，通过比较数据窗内相应信号的谱能量检测定子单相接地故障。

In order to analyze the systematic reliability automatically,a model of fault transfer table for describing fault system is developed in two aspects:(1)the format of fault transfer table is improved obviously;(2)the energy flow fault class is put forward so as to supplement the fault transfer table.

为了对系统的可靠性进行自动化分析，本文在两个方面发展了进行故障系统描述的故障传递表模型：( 1 )对故障传递表的格式进行了较大改进；( 2 )提出了能流故障类，以它为故障传递表描述的补充。

First, it diagnoses and analyses the maglev train's suspension system and traction system by applying the FTA and fuzzy FTA method. Furthermore, it presents the new way to solute the diagnosis searching arithmetic by building the searching matrix based on the factors such as components' key weightiness, faults happen probability, searching cost. Then it can get optimal searching sequence for seeking the reason to the faults. Second, it builds the train's rank evaluation model based on multiple hiberarchy neural networks, after it takes the strategy that set the component diagnosis and whole train fault rank evaluation into two steps. Third, it deeply analyses reliability of the maglev train's power system with function-correlated feature, by the method that combining the FTA with the Markov model. Finally aiming at maintenance ahead of the fault, it proposes the blue print for the maglev train's maintenance. What's more, it introduces the design and realization to recorder for the train run data in detail.

应用故障树和模糊故障树分析法对磁浮列车悬浮系统、牵引系统进行全面的诊断分析，提出了以部件关键重要度、故障概率、搜索代价为因素，建立搜索决策矩阵，综合排序的搜索算法；采取部件诊断和列车集中评估相结合的分层诊断策略，建立基于多重神经网络的列车故障等级评估模型；结合故障树和马尔可夫模型对具有功能相关特性的列车电源系统进行可靠性分析；着眼事前维修，提出了列车运行维护方案，并设计实现了列车运行数据记录器。

So proposing the motor vehicle therefore the original is aimed at this problem examines that string block is diagnosed together with the recovering scheme , the diagnosis expert system therefore establishing,the installation carries on the inline diagnosis to the examination ,therefore moreover to the block carries on the online resumeing,the loss that creates reduces up the minimal in an attempt to obstructing because of affairs ,at the same time,therefore also is diagnosing research going a step further to the block against the recovering means.

本文针对此问题提出了汽车检测线的故障诊断与恢复方案，建立了故障诊断专家系统，对检测设备进行在线诊断，并对故障进行在线恢复，以求把因故障造成的损失减到最小，同时，也是对故障诊断与恢复方法的更进一步的研究。

This paper will use fuzzy parameter method to record the important machine parameters. First, we can solve the degree of membership functions of fault fuzzy parameters. Then, the weight of the fuzzy membership function can be obtained by the Analysis Hierarchy Process with Matlab software. Finally, the result of synthetic fuzzy membership function of each cylinder can be used to find out the engine real faults and time relationship. In addition, such model analysis is suitable for the real ship and others sister ships maintenance programs.

本研究采用参数模糊法将主机纪录中的重要参数，利用参数故障模糊隶属度函数，得到各参数的故障模糊度，再利用层次分析法以确定各参数在故障诊断中所占的权重，最后得到主机各缸综合故障模糊隶属度，确定出主机故障与时间的关系趋势，并经实船验证本模式完全适用於同型姊妹船的维修保养计划。

Detecting failure calculating node; setting the IO node forming link with the failure node as replacing node determined by address obtained by adding one dimension into the failure node, notifying the replacing node to the node nearby the failure node; when one adjacent node has received a packet, routing the packet from the failure node to the replacing node; handling operation determined by the packet arrived in the replacing node in the replacing node; making the replacing node to find out address of calculating node where the packet containing handling result will be transmitted, and transmitting the packet to the calculating node most nearby the detected address connecting to the calculating node within the replacing node.

检测故障计算节点；将与故障节点形成链路的IO节点设置为由通过向故障节点地址添加一维而获得的地址所确定的替换节点，将替换节点通知给与故障节点相邻的节点；当一个相邻节点已经接收到分组时，将寻址到故障节点的分组路由到替换节点；在替换节点中处理由到达替换节点的分组所确定的作业；和使替换节点找出含有作业处理结果的分组应当被发送到的计算节点的地址，并将该分组发送到连接到替换节点的计算节点中地址最接近所发现地址的计算节点。

The rub-impact between rotor and stator often occurs because the rotor shaft stiffness decreases following the occurrence of the crack in the rotor shaft, and thus the coupling fault with rub-impact and crack is hackneyed fault type. Based on the nonlinear dynamical model of the cracked rotor-bearing system with rub-impact, the stability of the periodic motion and instability way were studied in unbalance-rotating speed plane and rotor/stator clearance- rotating speed plane and crack depth- rotating speed plane, and the main results were validated by the experiment.

转子轴承系统裂纹故障的出现会引起转子系统转静件之间碰摩故障的发生，因此裂纹碰摩耦合故障也是转子系统常见的故障类型，本文在裂纹碰摩耦合故障转子轴承系统的非线性动力学模型基础上，分析了系统在不平衡量-转速、碰摩间隙-转速、裂纹深度-转速等参数域内，周期运动的稳定性及其失稳规律，并用实验验证了主要理论结果。

The components and contents of gases dissolved in transformer oil can be used to reflects internal insulation faults of operating transformer.2Through studying the three-ratio method which is the common transformer faults diagnosing method, thought it is very accurate, it is inability to faults diagnose of electrical equipment such as transformer that the fault reason, phenomenon and principle coexist indeterminacy ect.

2通过对判断变压器故障常用的三比值法的分析，指出其诊断准确率高，但对故障原因、故障现象和故障机理间同时存在不确定性的变压器等电气设备的故障诊断，显得无能为力，难以满足工程应用的需要。

DC power transmission simulationmodel is set up in this paper with the Matlab software, and various faults such as single-phasegrounding short circuit, phase to phase short circuit, three-phase circuit grounding shortcircuit and inverter bridge short circuit are simulated in this model.

用MATLAB软件建立了电力系统直流输电仿真模型，模拟了单相接地短路故障、相间短路故障、换流器桥臂以及单桥故障，经过近百次仿真运行，得出了各种故障下的特性曲线，准确描述了直流输电系统在发生大扰动后的暂态过程，并从理论上进行了科学分析，得出了各种故障对换相失败的影响。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。