故障

Fault prognose is considered as the reasoning how long can a machine or its component work when the critical condition has been affirmed.

故障预后是指当一个机器或者构件的临界故障条件确定以后，一个带有故障的机器或者构件还能运转多久。

Nowadays most of researches on the multicast routing are how to generate multicast tree. In case of multicast tree failure, there need to re-route all of nodes behind the failure point so much as re-build the whole tree, this will deteriorate Quality-of-Service, on the other hand, it is insufferable in some multicast applications. We proposed a Fault-Tolerant multicast scheme to resolve this problem. Our scheme creates backup paths crosswise in the ramose node. It can reduce additional cost greatly and recover the failure of multicast tree rapidly.

现在关于多播路由的研究大多着眼于多播树的生成，一旦多播树出现故障，就需要对故障点以下的所有多播接收节点进行重新路由甚至对整个多播树进行重新构造，这一方面降低了服务质量，另一方面有些多播应用不允许长时间的中断，对此本文提出了一种多播容错方案，采用在分枝节点之间建立备份路径的措施，可以在很大程度上减少额外的代价，能够在最快的时间内恢复多播树的故障，并使得恢复后的多播树形状基本上没有改变。

Nowadays most of researches on the multicast routing are how to generate multicast tree. In case of multicast tree failure, there need to re-route all of nodes behind the failure point so much as re-build the whole tree, this will deteriorate Quality-of-Service, on the other hand, it is insufferable in some multicast applications. We proposed a Fault-Tolerant multicast scheme to resolve this problem. Our scheme creates backup paths crosswise in the ramose node. It can reduce additional cost greatly and recover the failure of multicast tree rapidly.

现在关于多播路由的研究大多著眼于多播树的生成，一旦多播树出现故障，就需要对故障点以下的所有多播接收节点进行重新路由甚至对整个多播树进行重新构造，这一方面降低了服务质量，另一方面有些多播应用不允许长时间的中断，对此本文提出了一种多播容错方案，采用在分枝节点之间建立备份路径的措施，可以在很大程度上减少额外的代价，能够在最快的时间内恢复多播树的故障，并使得恢复后的多播树形状基本上没有改变。

Both of the principles and their algorithms are tested by digital simulating tests. Finally, in order to simulatively test the protective property of microcomputerbased relay protections, a new power swing digital model is established using the calculation of BPAEMTP. New principles have been put forward in this process to solve two problems: One is to set up a new voltage simulating and control module for a multi-machine system in TACS of BPAEMTP.

应用系统振荡模型可以准确地模拟多机系统的任意实际振荡过程；应用BPAEMTP的振荡中故障模型可以计算任意网络、任意系统振荡过程中的任意故障（任意时刻、任意位置、任意故障类型），还很好地解决了初始稳态问题，此外模型可以计算任意长的数据窗。

We put forward firstly a sufficient and necessary condition of one stept fault diagnosablity based on testing each other between the nodes, by means of the maximum independent set theory in graph. It establishes a foundation for the SFD of computer network.

本文首次将图论中的极大独立点集理论用于系统级故障诊断中，获得了一个简明、直观、易操作的，且基于相互测试的判定系统一步t故障可诊断的充要条件，补充了文献[10]的充要条件，并奠定了网络环境下系统级故障诊断研究的基础。

The instantaneous angular speed based on the flexible body model underdiffierent faults simulated is calculated, which shows the rule of the instantaneousangular speed fluctuation ratio due to the underpower of a single cylinder. Therefore,the maximum power fluctuation ratio of the instantaneous angular speed is proposed to diagnose the fault of single cylinders underpower.

2进行了基于柔性体模型的柴油机瞬时转速故障仿真计算，揭示了柴油机单缸功率不足的瞬时转速波动规律，提出了采用最大瞬时转速波动率作功峰值的无量纲参数诊断柴油机单缸功率不足故障，并定位到故障缸的瞬时转速诊断新方法，并在船舶柴油机上得到应用。

Based on the relation between the performance parameters of cylinderpressure and the single cylinder fault of underpower, a fuzzy diagnosis system formarine diesel engine by using fuzzy interfere principle is investigated, which canautomatically identify the single cylinder underpower. The researches provide thefoundation for the practical application of the instantaneous angular speed and thecylinder pressure methods.

6利用故障仿真计算所确定的单缸功率不足故障与示功图性能参数间的相互关系，应用模糊逻辑推理原理，建立了柴油机模糊诊断系统，可实现船舶柴油机单缸功率不足故障的自动识别，为瞬时转速法和示功图法的工程应用提供了技术支撑。

Based on the numeric monitoring and diagnosis system for 6L16/24 typemarine diesel engine, the instantaneous angular speed and the cylinder pressure areapplied to the monitoring and diagnosing of the marine diesel engine through theartificial faults experiments in laboratory. The experiments results show that theintegrated motheds both the instantaneous angular speed and the cylinder pressurecan effectively diagnose the underpower fault of single cylinder, and detects whichcylinder occurs.

5利用船舶柴油机数字化监测诊断系统平台，进行了船舶柴油机瞬时转速和示功图法监测诊断的故障模拟试验研究，研究结果表明：瞬时转速法和示功图法可有效诊断柴油机单缸功率不足的故障，并可定位到故障缸。

In this thesis,it aims at the indeterminacy of software test case,through at the building of fault model, makes use of the principle of fta,designs test case for fault model adjudging software.

针对软件测试用例的难以确定性，通过故障模型的建立，利用故障树分析原理，对故障模式判决软件进行测试用例的设计。

It carves out more research and application chances for malfunction diagnosis system, and it has wide application foreground.

而且本文的信号是轴承的故障信号，对基于DSP6000的诊断系统是故障诊断中的一次大胆尝试，为故障诊断系统的进一步研究和应用开拓了空间，具有广阔的应用前景。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷