故障

Since the 1960s,the leading shipbuilding countries begin to study on the ship condition monitoring and trouble analysis, Nobodys engine-room shipping on duty appeared .certainly the condition monitoring and trouble analysts system also meets some question ,such as: only give alarm or show the actual value of the parameter, does not possess the function of analyzing and giving operator the direct suggestion function about the complicated trouble reason , Only monitor the present running conditions, does not possess the function of predicting equipment future and run reliability though trouble analysis technology makes good progress in these yeas, onboard the ship is still rare .aiming to improve the shipping safety, this paper make some research work on the ship engine-room, the main innovation are as follows:Firstly, this paper introduces and analyzes the research work and current situation on the condition monitoring, trouble analysis and safety assessment .especially in the maritime fields .

船舶机舱系统结构复杂，故障源多，征兆参数丰富，故障与征兆之间常常不存在简单的对应关系，而是相互影响，关系错综复杂。60年代以来，世界上先进的造船国家都相继开展了船舶机械状态监控和故障诊断的研究，出现了无人值班机舱船舶，但仍存在不足之处，如：只给报警提示或显示参数的实际值，不具备对复杂故障的原因分析并给操作者以直接的提示或建议功能；只监测当前的运行状况，不具备预测设备未来运行可靠性的功能；尽管近年来设备故障诊断技术得到了很大的发展，但真正能成功应用于实船的尚不多见。本论文以船舶机舱为对象，以提高船舶营运安全性为目标，来研究船舶机舱的安全控制技术，主要内容如下：首先，介绍和分析了状态监测、故障诊断和安全评估的研究内容和现状，尤其是在船舶领域的研究近况。

With the development of information technology,the research and application of remote failure diagnosis system are arising in the world.

1概述远程故障诊断的概念是在远程医疗概念的基础上发展起来的一种设备诊断技术，远程设备故障诊断技术是传统的故障诊断技术与网络技术、计算机技术和现代通信技术相结合的一种新型诊断技术，它是在工业现场的设备发生故障征兆或发生故障，现场的维护人员或故障诊断系统对其不能

Aiming at the characteristic of network fault,MM* model and Fault Tree Analysis are introduced into network fault diagnosis modeling.An algorithm is proposed which analyzes and diagnoses network fault,extracts the minimum cut sets quantificationally with Fault Tree Analysis,then detects and orients network fault with MM* model by testing the geminate nodes selected from minimum cut sets.

针对网络故障特点，将MM*模型和FTA方法引入网络故障诊断建模中，设计了一种用FTA方法进行网络故障的系统分析与诊断，并定量求解出所有故障可能的最小割集，然后用MM*模型从最小割集中选取测试点对进行单点故障检测与定位的网络故障诊断算法。

A fault diagnosis based on wavelet and PNN was introduced, which firstly uses Mexican Hat wavelet to transform diagnosis signal and extract energy normalized vector, then uses PNN to output fault as a classifier.

针对煤矿主通风机故障与征兆对应关系复杂的特点，以及利用传统BP网络进行故障诊断存在训练速度慢、易陷入局部极小的缺点，提出基于小波和概率神经网络的故障诊断方法：先利用时频两域有紧支撑能力的MexicanHat小波变换故障信号并提取能量归一化故障特征向量；然后将概率神经网络作为诊断决策分类器，输出故障模式。

In this paper we begin with the electrical principle of the oxygen sensor, analyze the motive detecting method of the oxygen sensor in the LS400 car with the two-dimensional coordinator and explain the way to recognize the fault codes with oscillogram, finally illuminate the meaning of the different fault codes.

在修理发动机电控系统故障时，最想看到的就是发动机故障指示灯有规律地闪烁但有些故障需要在一定条件下，采用一定的方法才能检测到其故障代码，氧传感器的故障代码就属于这种代码通过对氧传感器的电路原理的分析，利用二维坐标图形论述了凌志LS400型轿车氧传感器的动态检测方法，并用波形图说明了该种车型的故障码识别方法，最后指出了不同故障码的意义。

In real flight, multiple sensors of aircraft engine control system may fault at a time. In order to solve this problem, a revised multiple-failure-hypothesis based testing is investigated. This approach uses multiple Kalman filters, and each of Kalman filter is designed based on a specific hypothesis for detecting specific sensors fault, and then uses WSSR (Weighted Sum of Squared Residual) to deal with Kalman filter residuals, and residual signals are compared with threshold in order to make fault detection decisions. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be used to detect multiple sensors soft failures fast and accurately.

一般认为两个以上传感器同时发生故障的概率较小，但实际上不能排除其发生的可能性；提出了一种改进的多重故障假设方法来解决航空发动机控制系统多传感器同时发生软故障的问题，这一方法采用一组卡尔曼滤波器，每个滤波器对应一个被检测传感器的故障模态；采用残差加权二乘方处理滤波残差并与门限值作比较来判断是否发生故障；仿真结果表明，所提出的方法能有效解决多传感器软故障的检测与隔离问题。

In this paper, many sensor networks are distributed at different areas, firstly the local fuzzy neural network fuses the information from corresponding sensor network in character level, secondly the outputs,which are diagnosis conclusion, are fused by terminal neural network in decision level.

电力系统的继电保护和故障诊断一直是人们研究的重要课题，一旦系统发生故障，如何尽快识别故障类型、判断故障位置、及时跳闸保护以及故障排除后迅速恢复供电等，开发出这样一个实用可靠的继电保护和故障诊断系统势在必行。

Exogenous fault mechanics model characterizes wave making vibration propagation process caused by structural defects, defines transmission and reflection property of stress wave during the propagation, and provides theoretical basis for determining and seperating various kinds of polygenetic wave speed, which can be used in inversion and location of structural fault with satisfaction. By comprehensively using the two types of fault model that we presented, this paper has satisfactorily solved the classification and recognition of polygenetic faults of rotary support.

内源性故障力学模型较好地说明了回转支承内部的各种故障的形成和发展机理，描述了故障存在时回转支承的振动激励响应特性，为多源故障信号的分类识别提供了一种理论模型，外源性故障力学模型描述了由结构缺陷引起的波致振动传播过程，解释了传播过程中应力波的传递与反射特性，为各类故障波速的确定与分离提供了理论基础，能较好地用于结构故障的反演与定位。

A knowledge base model based on the combination of the reduced fault tree and the LCU trapezia logic structure is designed after a thorough research on the knowledge base system and the reasoning mechanism of the locomotive fault diagnosis system.

通过对机车故障诊断系统知识库体系和故障诊断推理机制的研究，设计了以简化的电力机车故障树为基础，结合LCU梯形图逻辑构造的知识库原型；应用机车故障诊断双向推理机制，设计并实现了基于LCU处理逻辑的正向推理机以及基于故障树查询的逆向推理机；并以此为基础开发了电力机车远程故障诊断系统的原型，实现了对机车的远程故障诊断。

An intelligent fault detection and diagnosis method based on space vector is presented, fault diagnosis knowledge self-acquisition and self-tuning and symptom optimum algorithm are infered. 4、An early fault detection and diagnosis method based on ANN for process industry is presented, which has perfect self-learning and self-tuning ability and can establish diagnosis model automatically with the process of fault diagnosis in the absence of sufficient prior knowledge.

提出一种基于特征空间向量的智能故障诊断方法，推导了其故障诊断知识的自动获取算法和故障诊断的自适应算法以及征兆信号优化选取算法； 4、提出一种基于人工神经网络的生产过程早期故障检测与诊断方法，该故障诊断方法知识获取容易，具有良好的自学习和自适应能力，能够在故障先验知识不完备的情况下，通过与用户的交互，逐步自动建立起完善的故障模型知识。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。