故障

The average amount of propagation of the line outages is estimated from the data. The distribution of the total number of line outages is predicted from the propagation and the initial outages using a Galton-Watson branching process model of cascading failure.

论文以国内某区域电网9年的历史数据作为样本数据，采用分支过程模型估计该区域电网连锁故障的传播速率及连锁故障灾难度的概率分布，揭示该电网的连锁故障风险水平。

Good performance of the electromagnetic torque is dependent upon reliable operation ofthe feedback sensors such as position sensors, current sensors and voltage sensors. In event ofsensor failures, HEVs may accept permanently reduced drive performance and even bringabout fatal traffic accidents. In practical applications, the most common failure of controlsystems is sensor faults. Therefore, it is also necessary to develop a torque control system ofinduction motor for HEVs with sensor failures.

电机转矩控制精度依赖于位置、电流及电压传感器精度，一旦这些传感器出现故障，轻者造成车辆性能永久下降，重者引发严重安全事故；在实际应用中，控制系统传感器出现故障频率最高，因此对传感器故障状态下的车用电机转矩控制研究具有同样重要的意义。

Bus control bus interface as a result of the failure was with the bus control module failure or malfunction caused by other bus master.

总线控制权故障是由于总线接口配备的总线控制模块故障或其他总线主控器故障引起。

Multiple transition fault model is an effective fault model for both the capacitive and inductive coupling induced faults on bus. But the previously generated test set based on MT fault model tends to be redundant.

多跳变故障模型是一种有效的总线串扰故障模型，可以测试由电容和电感导致的串扰故障，但是MT的原始测试集存在严重的向量冗余。

Aim at the defect of commonly technique,a new technique of alarm in advance of boiler water level is put forward.this technique adopt the idea of signal catenation and blur control.alarm in advance and seek out the coming fault.the fault can be repaired before water level beyond the limit.avoiding water level beyond the limit.

针对一般方法的弊端，提出一种新颖的汽包水位预警的方法。该预警系统采用信号间的连锁和模糊控制的思想，在故障发生以前提出预警，并且找出可能发生的故障。从而达到在水位越限以前进行故障检修，避免水位越限。

Then, in the direction of the characteristic of the signal device fault, it works on the course model for realizing fault diagnosis, the composition of the expert system of fault diagnosis, and the method to develop a real system.

然后，针对信号设备故障的特点，对故障诊断实现的过程模型、故障诊断专家系统的构成及其实现方法进行了研究。

Using the diagnosis method of IEUNIM, the initial multi-weights are gained by classifying the space of fault character and the identification of network is improved greatly by using K-means Clustering.

在IEUNIM故障诊断方法中，用K均值法划分故障信息特征空间形成了多初始权重值，并采用改进型椭球神经网络，大大提高了网络的故障辨识能力。

Examples show that SVI can identify the fault when there is no collinearity between fault sensors and can not identify the fault when there is collinearity between fault sensors.

实例表明，对于非共线性的传感器，SVI指数能较好地识别故障，但是当故障传感器与非故障传感器存在共线性时，SVI指数就无能为力了。

Due to its complexness and the difficulties in the realization of programming the fault tree models, the construction of a fault tree is usually made manually. With the development of the computer technology, an approach of automatic fault tree construction had been developed in the late 90s.

同时人们围绕故障树的建立也开展了一些研究，建立了一些故障树自动建造方法，然而故障树模型的建立过程中需要考虑众多的因素，相比之下目前的自动建树方法局限性还比较强，在这些方法的基础上的实现的自动建树软件实用性受到很大程度的制约，到目前为止还没有出现能够实际应用的商用软件。

The flight risk of a fouth generation aircraft after a fly by wire contingence is evaluated by Evalov method, and the usage and technical improvement suggestion ...

采用伊万诺夫法评估了某型第三代飞机在电传操纵系统故障后的故障排除的条件概率，并计算了电传操纵系统故障后该型飞机的飞行风险，最后提出了使用建议及技术改进建议。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷