故障

On the basis of the characteristics of line boundary, this paper analyzes the different features of internal and external faults. The difference is that the ratio of high frequency to low frequency components in case of one external fault is less than that in case of the same internal fault, in which high frequency is in the band of line trap and low frequency is within 1~10kHz.

在线路边界频率特性的分析基础上，深入地分析了区内外故障时的特征差异：就某一类故障而言，区外故障时反行波中高频分量与(1~10kHz内的)低频分量的比值显著小于区内故障时的比值。

Based on the work principle of the speed reducer ,the paper studies the produced mechanism of the vibration signal,the fault forms and the different type of vibration caused by the faults.

文章以减速机工作原理为基础，研究了减速机振动信号产生的机理、减速机故障的形式，以及由于故障的不同引起的不同形式的振动，从减速机外部振动信号中获取故障特征信息，有效地实现了减速机的故障诊断。

According to the characteristics of fault current sequence component on six-phase transmission lines, the paper proposes a novel fault phase selection scheme. The scheme can accurately distinguish the faulted phases under various fault conditions, and can be free from the influences of the transition resistance and system parameters.

2综合六相输电线路故障电流序分量的幅值和相位特征，提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的故障选相方案，该方案在各种故障情况下都能做到准确选出故障相，并且还有不受线路参数变化和接地电阻影响的优点。

After fault feature data were classified and processed, several shunt-wound BP networks were used to carry on local HGS fault diagnosis and acquire independent evidences each other. Then D-S evidence theory fusion algorithms were used to fuse evidences. Accurate HGS fault diagnosis was fulfilled finally.

根据故障特征量将故障进行分类处理，采用多个并联的BP子神经网络进行水轮发电机组故障的局部诊断，获得彼此独立的证据，再运用D-S证据理论融合算法对各证据进行融合，最终实现对水轮发电机组故障的准确诊断。

Intelligent control technology of large-scale equipments in comprehensive mechanized coal mining face (including the electric explosion-proof technique, control circuit design of essence safety type and double-engine double-speed dragging heavy load control technique of scraper conveyer); no exceeding limit gas safety and high efficiency emission technique (including air flow control strategy, control method, and etc.); failure protection technique for safe power supply of mine power grid (including two-grade selective electric leakage protection and phase sensitive protection technique, etc.).

关键技术分别为多局部通风机故障诊断和冗余控制技术（包括掘进工作面供电系统多源信息融合、故障测寻、故障诊断、多局部通风机三重冗余控制方法和控制策略等）；综采工作面大型设备的智能控制技术（包括电气防爆技术、本质安全型控制电路设计、刮板输送机双机双速拖动重载控制技术等）；瓦斯无超限安全高效排放技术（包括风量控制策略、控制方法等）；矿井电网安全供电的故障保护技术（包括两级选择性漏电保护和相敏保护技术等）。

According to the fault data information and expert"s field knowledge, the system can distinguish the lines and buses which fault occurs in, also judge the line"s fault type and the circuit breakers and relayss action performance and give the maintenance suggestion.

系统能在电网发生故障时，根据故障数据信息和专家领域知识，判别发生故障的线路、母线，线路的故障类型以及断路器、保护的动作性能，并给出维修建议。

The water heater shall have a self-diagnostic control that monitors and indicates power on, no power or control failure, start-up failure, high-limit operation, sensor failure, defective upper element, or defective lower element.

这种热水炉应该配置自诊断控制装置，能够监控和显示通电、停电、控制装置故障、启动故障、高温运行、感应器故障、上部加热元件或下部加热元件故障等状态。

The water heater shall have a self-diagnostic control that monitors and indicates power on, no power or control failure, start-up failure, high-limit operation, sensor failure, defective upper element, or defective lower element.

这种热水器应该配置自诊断控制装置，能够监控和显示通电、停电、控制装置故障、启动故障、高温运行、感应器故障、上部加热元件或下部加热元件故障等状态。

The conclusion that dissolved gases in gas composition and content of transformer could embody the inside of the transformer"s situation about "the insulation fault effectively is concluded.In the research of power equipment fault diagnosis based dissolved gases in transformer oil, the fault type increase clearly with the fault development. Traditional way is inability to faults diagnose of electrical equipment such as transformer that the fault reason, phenomenon and principle are indeterminacy etc.

在以油中溶解气体分析电气设备故障的模式识别研究中，当故障进一步发展，待判别的类型将显著增加，由于传统的诊断方法缺乏对样本数据的科学分析，不能够真实体现特征量数据的规律，将不可避免的面临准确率下降的问题，且不可能提供类间相互关系或演变过程的信息，因此用新的诊断方法来解决此类问题十分必要；本文在对目前变压器内部绝缘故障常用诊断方法总结分析的基础上，利用模糊数学的思想，提出以油中溶解气体为特征量，采用模糊聚类的方法对变压器内部绝缘故障进行诊断。

The fault coverage of the self-repairing flight control systems is defined including the coverage of the fault detection and isolation and the rate of the successful reconfigurations.

张平给出了故障检测与诊断算法的故障检测覆盖率、漏报率及操纵面故障下控制律重构的成功率的定义；提出了建立在FDI和重构基础上的自修复飞控系统的故障监控覆盖率的估计方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。