故障

Because the uncertainty factors in network fault propagation model and the results of fault localization algorithm often cause the inaccurateness of the final diagnosis results, we propose a fault diagnosis solution which based on the L-best fault hypotheses.

针对网络故障传播模型和故障定位算法结果中不确定性因素导致最终诊断结果不准确的问题，提出了基于前L个最佳故障假设的故障诊断方案。

The system can monitor on line operation state of the boiler system, including overall monitor of the boiler system, major monitor of boiler, run tending monitor, bar figure display and overrange alarm.

故障诊断根据锅炉运行状态监测情况，确定锅炉系统运行中出现的故障征兆，采用深、浅知识相结合的混合诊断推理机制，分析诊断锅炉系统在运行过程中可能出现的各种故障，如炉膛灭火，过热器爆管，省煤器磨损、泄漏，空气预热器积灰、泄漏，锅炉满水、缺水等常见故障。

Fuzzy neural network is used in the three phase adaptive reclosure so that the reclose of permanent faults can be avoided. A multi-input fuzzy neural network is constructed and the algorithm of network is designed. Taking the virtual value of three phase voltage as the input with its scale changed, the network learning can be completed with convergence reached after the process of fuzzification, normalization and perspicuity, so it can disinguish transient faults from permanent faults.

为了避免重合闸重合于永久性故障，将模糊神经网络应用于三相自适应重合闸中，构造了一个多输入的模糊神经网络，设计了网络的算法，将三相端压有效值作为输入，经尺度变换、模糊化、归一化和清晰化，并利用梯度下降法修正误差，使得网络完成学习并最终收敛，在输入故障数据时能根据网络的输出结果准确地判别瞬时性故障与永久性故障。

This intormation is combined in the structure of a Bayesian Graph so as to identify unknown or unpredictable faults. The final experiment results show the intelligent agent can detect network abnormal behavior before a fault actually occurs. Event correlation algorithm for network fault real-time isolation and handle uses object-oriented model method for critical network device and a novel coding scheme, even if in the case of lost alarm and wrong one, it also can identify the fault origin and automatically adapts to changes to network topology to ensure seemless scalability to large and complex network environment. Its performance greatly presides over traditional rule-based event management system.

对学习获得的信息经由贝叶斯图加以组合，从而签别未知的或不可预见的故障，实验结果表明智能监测代理系统能够在故障发生以前检测网络异常行为；用于网络故障问题实时隔离和处理的事件关联算法使用面向对象的针对的网络关键设备的建模方法和新型编码技术，即使在丢失报警和错误报警的情况下，亦能精确地标识故障源，并能自动适应网络拓扑的改变，从而保证无缝地伸缩到专用大型和复杂网络环境中，其性能大大优于传统的基于规则识别的事件关联系统。

The spectrum is achieved from the locale vibration signal applying Local Wave Method, on which the state-feature table of the system is established. Then the feature group with the maximum of fault information is worked out, the fuzzy tree is established sequently.

对往复压缩机振动信号进行局域波时频处理，得到包含故障状态值的局域波时频谱，结合系统工况资料建立系统故障状态一特征表，找出最大故障信息量的特征群，建成故障信息量的模糊二元树。

The thesis based on Yellow River Diversion Project. Through the research of the existing design of the supervising system of Yellow River Diversion Project, this passage pointed out some problems hard to be dealt with as follows:(1) Owing to the dispersion of control points and remote transfers of data, it cost a lot to construct the network of the supervising system and it was hard to implement the construction.(2) The connection mode of network needed to be taken into acount. Once the configuration of network changed or the nodes increased, the supervising system needed to be reconfigured.(3) Owing to the tanglesome physical communication line, the man-made communication error happened frequently.(4) When the communication malfunction occured, it needed various engineers to check and repair the fault.(5) It cost a lot to operate and maintain the supervising system.

本文以世界银行援建项目&Yellow River Diversion Project&(引黄入晋工程，编号：0015-K81062)为背景，在对引黄入晋工程的远程监控系统进行研究分析的过程中，指出了该系统在目前采用的有线光纤和有线电缆通讯技术下难以处理的一些问题：(1)由于监控点分散且传输距离较远，有线光纤和有线电缆的网络建设成本很高，实施困难；(2)需要考虑节点之间的连接形式，一旦网络结构发生变化或节点需要扩充，监控系统便需要调整，耗费大量的人力物力；(3)由于系统庞大，通讯的物理线路较为繁乱，在建设和维护阶段容易出现人为触碰等引起的通讯故障；(4)在出现通讯故障时，需要多方人员配合进行故障检测，不仅耗费人力和物力，且不利于故障排除；(5)运行和维护成本较高，需要很多运行维护人员进行大量繁杂的工作。

So during the collection of fault sample data and checking data, the paper sets up the mathematics model of control system first. We cause all kinds of fault in the control system, then collects a variety of fault data. After unitarily dealing, the fault data server as the sample data of training neural network. At the same time, according to the collection of checking data, it examines whether the trained neural network have the function of fault diagnosis.

在故障样本数据及检验数据的采集过程中，首先建立了控制系统的数学模型，人为地让控制系统发生各种故障，从而采集到各种故障数据，经过归一化处理后，作为训练神经网络的样本数据；同时，也采集检验数据，用以检验训练出的神经网络是否能够起到故障诊断的作用。

With the increase of the complicacies and veracities of fault diagnosis about mechanical equipment, the old personal computer system of fault diagnosis and the system of fault diagnosis local based could not finish the diagnostic work well.

随着机械设备故障诊断复杂性、准确性和时效性的增加，以往的单机或基于现场的故障诊断系统已经不能满足要求，所以，基于万维网的远程故障诊断技术的研究和应用就越来越显得迫切和重要，建立远程故障诊断系统已经成为趋势所在。

In order to avoid or reduce arc fault hazard,the authors established an arc fault detecting test system with the method of power spectral analysis to study the early acoustic characteristics of fault arc ,and extracted the sound signature of early fault arc by using power spectrum analysis.

为了避免或减少故障电弧的危害，笔者建立了故障电弧探测试验系统，采用功率谱分析的方法对故障电弧的早期弧声特性进行了试验研究，提取出故障电弧的早期弧声特征信息。

The general mathematic model for analyzing the hydrogenerator with the internal armature winding faults is established by using the multi loop theory in this paper.

应用多回路理论建立水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障分析的通用数学模型，引入回路关联矩阵减少回路方程总数并自动形成各种故障形式的回路参数，对水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障的稳态性能进行仿真计算，探讨了水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障（如匝间短路、支路间短路等）规律。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。