故障

Under the circumstances that some prior knowledge about the possible fault can be obtained,the dynamic behavior of the fault is proposed and used to solve fault estimation problem.While,if there is no extra knowledge available about the possible fault other than the condition of l_2 bounded,the residual generation is formulated into a problem of observer-based H_∞filtering problem in the sense of stochastic,and the linear matrix inequality approach to solve this problem is proposed.

对于能够了解部分故障先验知识的情况，提出描述故障结构特性的动态模型，解决H_∞故障估计问题；而当故障信息完全未知情况下，将基于观测器的残差产生器设计归结为随机意义下的H_∞滤波问题，提出了该问题求解的线性矩阵不等式方法。

The fault feature parameters are extracted,subjection functions and fuzzy rules for identifying pattern of fault and selecting phase of fault are developed from perspective of fuzzy pattern recognition,and new algorithm of speedy comprehensive faulty phase selection based on stratified fuzzy reasoning is presented.

提取了用于故障选相的特征参数，从模糊模式识别的角度，制定了识别故障类型和故障相别的隶属函数及模糊规则，提出了基于分层模糊推理的快速综合故障选相元件新算法。

The fault mode and f ault tree analysis for large turbogenerators are carried out by ways of su bsystems, subcomponent s and fault trees, which can be used to supply enough diag nostic rule sources and theoretical base for the study of fault diagnostic exper t system of large turbogenerators.

按照分系统、分部件的方式，并引入故障树的方法，对大型汽轮发电机展开了有关故障模式和故障树的分析，从而最终为大型汽轮发电机故障诊断专家系统的研究提供足够的诊断规则来源和理论基础。

Aiming at dual sensor fault detection, the tactic of fault orientation after fault identification is adopted, and a new kind of residual formation method, based on moving subnormal states, is proposed.

针对双余度传感器缓变故障检测，采取了先故障判断后故障定位的故障检测策略，并提出了一种基于移动伪正常状态的残差构造方法。

The multi-dimensional signals measured by sensors with a machine working under normal condition or fault condition, can be used to build Q statistic and T^2 statistic respectively to detect the state of the machine. Meanwhile, the feature vector is constructed by the Q value and the T^2 value, the geometrical distance between the normal feature vector and the feature vector H when the machine goes wrong is used to realize the fault location. The results show that the method is feasible.

利用多个传感器测量的异步电机多维信号参量，构建电机在正常工作和发生故障时的Q统计和T^2统计，以实现电机的状态检测；利用Q统计和T^2统计值构建电机的状态特征向量，通过比较度量当前电机的特征向量与电机发生故障时的特征向量H的几何距离来实现电机故障的定位与分离实验证明，该方法可以有效地实现故障的诊断与分离。

The uniform approximation of normal wavelet neural network and the robust analysis of wavelet neural networks of the combination of Sigmoid function are detailedly introduction; Multiple model failure detection based on wavelet neural network is demonstrated detailedly; At last, the failure diagnosis results of aerocraft is present seperately by employing wavelet neural network and BP neural network, and the fault diagnosis of areocraft system by wavelet neural network is achieved.

论文以小波神经网络为研究对象，提出了一类新的加权小波基，分析证明了加权小波基的诸多良好特性；对于常见小波神经网络的一致逼近特性、S型函数组合小波神经网络的鲁棒性分析、多模型小波神经网络的故障检测等问题给出了详细的论证；最后，针对歼击机的常见故障问题，分别给出了应用小波神经网络和BP神经网络的故障诊断结果，实现了小波神经网络对飞机系统的故障诊断。

In order to diagnose faults and to solve the physically unrealizable problems of the optimal fault-tolerant control law, a delay-free transformation approach was given for delayed measurements. The on-line fault diagnosis and the observation of system states were realized by constructing the reduced-order state observer for the augmented system comprising fault states.

为了进行故障诊断并解决最优控制的物理不可实现问题，给出了一种测量时滞的无时滞转换方法，并通过构造含有故障状态的增广系统的降维状态观测器，设计了在线诊断故障的故障诊断器并同时实现了系统状态的观测。

This method can ensure to obtain all reasonable solutions meeting the fault equation, can be applied for various fault correlation criteria (such as various residual vector norm criteria) and underdetermined fault equation, and the algorithm is very simple and facile, not necessary to compile specific program for every particular condition.

首先给出求解故障方程的Monte Carlo算法，该算法能够保证得到满足故障方程的全部合理解；能够简单地用于各种故障相关性准则(例如各种残差向量范数准则)以及亚定故障方程的求解问题；并且算法简单易行，无需为每个特定情况专门编制计算程序。

For this reason, the old methods can not fally meet the need of engineering practical application.3 By analyzing the principle and expound the methods of thecand the gray relationship clustering, the gray clustering matrix and method are presented.The gray clustering is a method that gather some obseration quotas or obseration objects to be some definable classification according to the gray relationship clustering matrix or gray albescent authority function.

3分析了灰色白化权函数聚类和灰色关联聚类的原理并阐述了其具体方法，提出了诊断变压器内部故障的灰色聚类模型和方法，灰色聚类是根据灰色关联矩阵或灰色白化权函数将一些观测指标或观测对象聚集成若干个可定义类别的方法；对结构复杂的大型电力变压器等电气设备的故障诊断，首要的问题是如何根据反映变压器故障的特征量指标来正确判断待诊设备是哪一类故障。

The analysis shows that: a The classifiable fault styles are mainly two types: one is fault occurs in single bridge arm, the other one is fault occurs in two bridge arms.

故障情况分析表明： a 可分类的故障类型主要包括两大类，一类是一个桥臂上的晶闸管故障，一类是两个桥臂上的晶闸管同时故障。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。