政策

Literature from the past found that "economic" and "educational equality" is cut down and merge small schools policy-oriented considerations, it will be the case in this study involved the value of the policy, the use of secondary data analysis, as well as depth interviews and other research approach, trying to analyze feasible to detect the cause of the case of policy termination; Furthermore, from the case to clarify the policy decision-making and implementation in the face of controversy and conflict, identify the key policy actors in the cut down and merge ago, after the cut down and merge in and cut down and merge the idea of the policy and position; Finally, understanding the applicability of the theory in this case, from the origins, obstacles and Behn proposed 12 indicators to assess the case, and further development of policy termination of the strategy should be, as the policy recommendations in this study.

从过去相关文献发现，「经济」和「教育平等」是小校裁并政策之考量面向，故本研究将从总爷国小裁并案所涉及之政策价值出发，运用次级资料分析法以及深度访谈等研究方式，以政策终结为主轴，试图从可行之分析面向来探测总爷国小裁并案政策终结发生的原因；其次，从总爷国小裁并个案厘清政策终结在决策与执行面之争议和冲突，找出主要政策行动者在裁并前、裁并中及裁并后对於该政策的主张及立场；最后，了解政策终结理论在本案的适用性，从缘由、障碍及Behn所提出的十二个指标来评估台南总爷国小裁并过程，并就终结过程模式，进一步研拟政策终结所应具有之策略，作为本研究之政策建议。

In order to effectively prevent and control industrial pollution, the Chinese government has drawn up three major policies for environmental protection, i.e.,"putting prevention first and combining prevention with control,""making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it" and "intensifying environmental management."

为有效地防治工业污染，中国政府制定了"预防为主，防治结合"、"谁污染，谁治理"、"强化环境管理"三大环境保护政策，以及资源综合利用政策、结合技术改造防治工业污染政策、城市环境综合整治政策、环保技术政策、环保产业政策等。

In parts of countries in East Asian area agricultural co-operation and interaction have been very active and there are both considerable similarities and obvious differences and complementariness in their agricultural resources and production. It is very significant for the ...

本论文是在经济全球化和东亚区域经济合作进程加快的宏观背景下，深入研究东亚地区部分国家现代农业发展模式与农业支持政策调整的理论和实践；对比各国农业现代化进程的不同特点和利弊得失；概述各国农业政策的历史演变与农业支持政策体系的构建，进行农业支持政策的对比；揭示中国农业支持政策中存在的突出问题和制约因素，分析合理借鉴东亚地区部分国家的成功经验，为中国农业支持政策调整提供一定的理论依据。

The main content of the study includes: the policy variables are classified into two types, which are continuous policy variable and discrete policy variable, and the two variable is analyzed respectively; as to the continuous policy variable, use reasonable weighting to synthesize comprehensive policy indicator to reflect the comprehensiveness of each main policy indicator; undertake regression analysis for the comprehensive policy indicator, economic and stock market variable and get the effect of all kinds of comprehensive policy indictor variables on the economy and stock market; undertake regression analysis for data on the economic indicator and the data on the stock market and get the relationship between the economy and the stock market; use event research method to analyze its effect on the stock market and get some corresponding conclusions; structure the differential or difference equation groups on the interactive relationship among the variable economy, stock market and policy and do the difference operation and constitute simultaneous equation with the original main variables one after another; use quantitative regression method and solve the coefficient of the simultaneous equation to predict the operating tendency.

本研究主要内容包括：将政策变量划分为连续性政策变量和离散政策变量两个类型，并分别进行分析；对于连续性政策变量，采取合理的权重来合成政策综合指标，反映各主要政策指标的综合力度大小；将各政策综合指标与经济、股市变量进行回归分析，获得各类政策综合指标变量对经济、股市影响程度的大小；将经济指标数据与股市数据进行回归分析，获得经济与股市之间关系的大小；采取事件研究方法来分析其对股市的影响程度；构建关于经济、股市与政策各主要变量之间互动关系的微分或差分方程组，进行差分运算，并以此与原来各主要变量组成联立方程；运用计量回归方法，求出联立方程系数用于预测。

This paper extends Salop's (1974) and Purvis's (1979) flexible exchange rates system small open economy model to the perfect sterilization operation dual exchange rates system. We assume the policy authorities choose the full employment output and desired financial exchange rates level as policy targets and use fiscal policy and monetary policy as policy instruments.

本文将Salop(1974)及Purvis(1979)同时兼顾总合需求面及总合供给面浮动汇制的小型开放经济模型，予以延伸至完全冲销措施(perfect sterilization operations)的双元汇制(two-tier exchange rates)，并假定政策当局选择以充分就业的产出及融汇达到想水准做为政策目标，并以财政政策及货币政策做为政策工具，为达此双重政策目标，则适当的政策搭配为何的课题。

Based on general process of public policy analysis, using the Triple Helix theory, The Interest Group theory and Policy Network theory, with adopting methods of historical analysis, literature analysis, case study and comparative analysis, the dissertation firstly examines irrespectively the history, content, process and outcome of American research university technology transfer policies; Then, the dissertation analyses the value orientation, experiences and issues systematically, putting forward some policy suggestions for Chinese university technology transfer according to Chinese practical needs.

本文依公共政策分析的一般逻辑，运用三重螺旋理论、利益集团理论和政策网络理论，采取历史分析法、文献法、个案法、比较法等研究方法，首先从美国研究型大学技术转移政策历史、政策文本、政策过程、政策结果几方面分别论述，然后对美国研究型大学技术转移政策的价值取向、经验和问题进行了总体分析，并结合我国实际需要，为我国高校技术转移提出适宜的政策建议。

First part, the paper analyzed and defined several key concepts involved: the border area, the policy for education, the policy for teacher, the policy for teacher of middle and primary schools in border area; discussed concretely the relation between the policy for education and educational law, composition of system of national policy for education, the content of regional policy for teacher as well as the form and function of it.

第一部分，对研究所涉及的几个核心概念：边境地区、教育政策、教师政策、边境地区中小学教师政策进行界定，并对教育政策与教育法律的关系、国家教育政策体系的构成、教师政策的内容与形式、边境地区中小学教师政策的功能等进行具体探讨，起到理论铺垫的作用。

Strengthening responsibility regulations mainly include the perfection of contract guarantee policy in the exploitation of mines, land, and other major resources, the deposit refund system for potential pollutants or reclaimable solid refuse, and overall publication of environmental information.

完善政策主要是改进价格规制激励政策，包括继续改革排污收费制度、健全与排污收费相联系的环境税收政策、加快改革环境补贴政策等；推行排放许可证交易规制政策，主要包括建立排放许可有偿取得与排污交易工作平台、加强必要的能力建设和观念培训、选择适当范围进行试点、加强污染源的排放监测等；强化责任规制政策，主要包括在矿山和土地等重大资源使用中完善履约保证政策、对具有潜在污染性或可回收利用的固体废弃物实行押金返还政策、全面推行环境信息公开等。

Starting from the analysis of connotation, historical origin, theoretical basis, and function, the section comes to the conclusions that the major theoretical basis of the policy is economical principle and retribution penalty theory in criminal law, that the policy includes the logical relations of being lenient at the case that deserves leniency and being strict at the case that should be strict","being interdependable and complementary in leniency and punishment", and"being integrated and modest in leniency and punishment, and that in the field of value, the relationship between the two is that criminal law is directed by criminal policy; in terms of countermeasure system, criminal law is in conformity with criminal policy; in the side of specific measures, criminal law is rectified by criminal policy, hence, establishes the corresponding theoretical basis for applying the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency to judicial practice.

该部分从宽严相济刑事政策的内涵、宽严相济刑事政策的历史发展、宽严相济刑事政策的理论根据以及宽严相济刑事政策的功能等四个方面对宽严相济刑事政策进行了解读，得出宽严相济刑事政策包含着&宽其所宽，严其所严&、&宽严相倚、宽严互补&以及&宽严交融、宽严适度&三个有机联系的方面，宽严相济刑事政策的主要理论根据是刑法学的&谦抑原则&和&刑罚报应刑论&；宽严相济刑事政策对刑事法律具有价值取向上的指导功能；对策系统上的整合功能；具体措施上校正与被校正的功能等一些结论，为更好的将宽严相济刑事政策运用到刑事司法实践中奠定了相应的理论基础。

There are four chapters in this article. The first chapter introduced the essence of the educational policy and why the educational policy should use educational equity as the kernel value tendency. The second chapter analyzed educational equity in Martin Trows theory about mass higher education and in Coleman and Husen's researches, and then constructed the analytical framework of China's higher educational policies on educational equity. The third chapter analyzed higher education cost-recovery policy and higher education enrollment expansion, reviewed them from equal enrollment opportunity, equal proportion of participating in higher education in every state and equal quality of higher education. The fourth chapter analyzed the factor of influence China's higher education policies realizing educational equity and advanced the suggestions of policies from idea transformation, construction by law, policy improvement.

本文分为四个部分，第一部分主要介绍政策的本质以及教育政策为什么要以教育公平为其核心的价值取向；第二部分主要是理论分析，借鉴马丁·特罗高等教育大众化理论中的教育公平观和科尔曼、胡森等人的教育公平观，构建起我国高等教育政策公平性分析的理论框架；第三部分则是实证分析，主要是对我国的高校收费政策和高校扩招政策进行分析，从入学机会均等、各个阶层参与高等教育的人数比例均等以及人们接受的高等教育均平等三个方面进行考察；第四部分分析影响我国高等教育政策实现公平的内外部因素，并从理念变革、法治建设以及政策改进等方面提出相关的政策建议。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷