政治道德的

International moral anomalism refers to the behaviors that ignore the internatioal ethics.

国际政治道德失范就是指违背了国际政治道德规范的行为。

They have different opinions about the issuewhether politics needs moral or not, But in the essence their opinionsboth embody the private politicians, which is botfly different frommodern public administration.

圣王与暴君是两种最典型的政治人范式，尽管对政治是否需要道德有着不同的理解，但是实质都是私人政治的体现，以君主利益作为政治活动的终极目标，这与现代公共政治是完全相异的。

Nietzsche"s political philosophy is not piled up a dish of messy sand by maxim form, the writer thinks that Nietzsche"s political construction has his continuous logicality. It"s an expression of political philosophy that is constructed on the base of force will and life will, it makes life reach at a transitional bridge that can supply condition for the salvation of art. Thus, there are three understandings here. Firstly, politics is an objective expression of power will, also is an external expression of power will. The real politics depends on power will and services to their requirement and regulation; Secondly, the life faces on the double crises, on the one hand, the life falls into denial of Christian morality. Morality of Christianity presumes another world that life never touch for. This is world of soul belief and pursue, meanwhile, life is depreciated and degenerated as "evil", so the value of life suffers from misunderstanding and denial. Things of presence are subverted as things of exeunt."Uprising of slave in morality" results in the denial of ",master morality, at the same time, although modern democratic politics that based on morality of Christianity makes person return secular life and makes life identity and trite. This kind of politics creates privation of special vulture and race. On the other hand, internal requirement of power will results in the crisis of life because the characteristics of power will is continuous making and destroy.

尼采的政治哲学并非是以格言形式堆积而成的一盘散沙，笔者认为，尼采的政治建构有其一贯的逻辑性，体现为其政治哲学是建构在强力意志或生命意志基础上的并使生命达至艺术拯救提供条件的一座过度性桥梁，对此有三层理解：首先政治是权力意志的一种客观体现，是全力意志的一种外化，真正的政治必须立足于权力意志之上并服务于其要求和规定；其次，生命面临着双重危机，一方面，生命陷入基督教道德的否定之中，基督教道德设定了一个生命遥不可及的彼岸世界，这是灵魂信仰和追求的世界，同时生命被贬堕为"恶"，这样，生命的价值遭到误解和否定，在场的事物被颠覆为退场的事物，"主人道德"被否定，这是"道德上的奴隶起义"的结果，同时基于基督教道德之上的现代民主政治虽然使人回到了尘世，但是又将生命齐一化和平庸化，造成特殊文化和特殊种族的缺位，而正是这种文化和这种种族才能真正地肯定生命；另一方面，生命的危机是权力意志内在的要求所致，因为权力意志的一个特质就是连续地生成和毁灭，就生命本身就是权力意志而言，毁灭就是其必然的命运。

And he is one of the most outstanding contemporary scholars in law, moral and political philosophy.

他长期从事于法律、道德和政治哲学的教学与研究工作，在法哲学、政治哲学、道德与实践理性领域颇有建树，是当代法律、道德与政治哲学领域最杰出的学者之一。

Political or moral utilitarianism and aesthetic utilitarianism are the two main traditions in modern Chinese aesthetics. The former considers aesthetics and art to be tools for political struggles or moral preachment, and requires them to "serve"directly for political or moral purposes, while the latter, taking aesthetics for the sake of life, or thus a life concept of aesthetics, is against the consideration of aesthetics and art to be tools for politics or morality, and requires them to affect intrinsically the improvement of life state. Liang Qichao is the direct ideological source in the end of the 19〓 century for the former, while Wang Guowei the founder for the latter.

真正构成中国现代美学的两大传统是政治、道德功利主义和审美功利主义：前者主张以审美和艺术作为政治斗争或道德说教的工具，要求审美和艺术直接"服务于"政治或道德目的；后者主张为人生的美学，或者是人生论美学，反对审美和艺术直接充当政治或道德的工具，而是要求审美和艺术内在地作用于人生境界的提升；前者在19世纪的直接思想源头在梁启超，而后者的开创者是王国维。

The important function and significance of the socialist rule of virtue consists in:(1) it is an important aspect of new mode of ruling country with both law and virtue as coadjutant means, reflecting that the Party"s general plan for administering the country has been improved;(2) it will bring morality into play to adjust interest relationships, appease social mood, and stick up for social justice and stabilization;(3) it will improve cadres" and crowds political morality level, promote the development of socialist political civilization.

社会主义&德治&的重要作用和意义在于：&德治&是&德法兼济&新型治国模式的重要方面，反映了党的治国方略的完善；&德治&能够发挥道德调节利益关系的重要功能，疏导社会情绪，维护社会公正与稳定；&德治&能够提高干部和群众的政治道德水平，推动社会主义政治文明的发展。

In the end, the Modern political philosophy contrives to resolve the problem of politics and morality; contrarily it leads to their separation.

最终，现代政治哲学冀图以普遍理论解决政治与道德问题，却反而导致政治与道德的分离。

The ebbs and flows of political conscience.

政治道德的潮起潮落。4。

Ancient thinkers in Greece examined complicated political phenomenon and found the real attribute of the politics for the first time, and with the height of wise man, introspected the worth meaning of morals for good political life realization.

古希腊政治哲学家出于人类社会道德生活的关注，诘问何为&真正的政治&，在道德的空间与政治的属性之间展开了深刻的反思，最终人类美好道德生活的政治安排成为这一时期政治哲学的内在特质。

Synopsis: This paper thought that to implement the "Three Behalves" in an all round and deep way, though its theoretically intensification is a key problem, and the national system's construction is a fundamental problem, the construction of political morality is also an important problem and is an important guarantee of society to implement "Three Behalves ".

内容提要：本文认为全面深入贯彻&三个代表&，虽然理论上的深化是关键问题，制度、体制和机制建设是根本问题，但政治道德建设也是同样不可忽视的重要问题，是贯彻&三个代表&的重要社会保障，并从加强政治道德建设、加强组织建设和建立道德者受益的公平机制等方面进行了初步的探讨。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。