政治腐败

From the management aim made by the form of managing with law in Ming Hui Code, to the thought of severe punishment in Ming Great Law and Ming Great Admonition, to the proper adjust of lawmaking suited to the society and treating the official clemently, we can see that Ming Dynasty racks the minds scheming the methods of managing the officials .But corruption was the appraisal of Ming Dynasty of afterworld . During the whole period of Ming Dynasty especially the later stage , corruption was widely. The political factor and culture factor were the most important reason .Value view of government behalf incorporation .Economical behalf is obtained not by economical means ,but by political ones, which is not a,normal state .

从《明会典》以行政法典的形式来确立吏治目标，到《大明律》、《明大诰》重典治吏思想的提出，到明中后期《问刑条例》因时立法、情法适中、宽厚待吏的适时调整，明代统治集团在整肃吏治上可谓费尽心机，但腐败始终被后人看作明代官场的最后鉴定，整个明代尤其是中后期，贪风日盛、贿赂公行，究其原因，社会总体机制下制度性因素和文化因素是最根本的，那就是中国传统的官利一体化的价值观，当官与发财是划等号的，经济利益不是通过经济方式而是通过政治方式来解决，这本身就是一种不正常的社会状态。

It seems to champion compromise, modesty, and muddling through; to justify logrolling, deal-making, self-interest, pork barrels, paralysis, and inefficiency-all the sausage-making that no one wants to see and that editorialists throughout our history have often labeled as corrupt.

这似乎是在提倡妥协、谨小慎微和将事情应付过去的态度；为政客间基于共同利益互投赞成票，私下达成协议，利己主义，为政治利益挪用政府拨款，政治上无作为和行政低效找寻正当理由。所有"制作香肠"的过程没有人想看，而在我国历史中，社论作者经常将之标记为腐败。

The deterioration of urban situation and the prevailing of corruptive activities caused by rapid urban growth and the municipal misgovernment gave rise to political reform movements in urban America.

19世纪后期美国城市的迅猛发展和城市政治体制的缺陷造成城市社会形势的严重恶化和腐败行为的泛滥，从而引发了城市政治改革运动的兴起。

It implies that the main decision maker of the important political affairs in China is still Communist parry.

在俄罗斯，总统任意的人事权却会造成政治，社会的混乱和政治的非连续性、腐败等。

Many Nigerians, fed up with the venality of politics, fear that the political establishment will now feel it can be as crooked as it has been in the past—and get away with it as usual.

许多厌倦了政治上贪污腐败的尼日利亚人，害怕这个判决会让那些政治团体觉得可以像以前一样舞弊而又能侥幸成功。

The causation of the cosmical escape are all types . such as labor style turned collective farming to petty farmer farming ; clan lived together turned to a family lived alone ; feodal bureaucracy instead the hereditary ; the annex of the earth ; natural calamity ;the corruption of the officials ; chaos caused by war and so on .

引起大规模逃亡犯罪出现的表层原因有土地兼并、苛捐杂税、自然灾害、吏治腐败、战乱侵扰等等：而深层原因则在于社会劳动方式从村社集体耕作变为小农独立耕作、基层经济组织由宗族为单位变为小家庭独立生产、政治制度由封建官僚代替世卿世禄等经济、政治制度的变化。

Italian voters sent a ringingly clear message to their national leaders today that they want a new brand of politics that is less corrupt and more efficient than what they have lived with for the last four decades.

今天意大利的选民传给他们国家的领袖们一个清楚而响亮的信息：他们需要意国政治改头换面，一种比他们四十年来所忍受的政治有效而不像以前那样腐败。

Corruption, called "Political Cancer", is becoming more and more serious during the economic system transformation in our country. It imperils the economic development, the political stabilization and the social advancement.

被称为&政治之癌&的公共权力腐败在中国的经济转型期日趋严重，对经济的发展、政治的稳定和社会的进步造成了威胁。

Such as progressive force in Kuomintang rule area, Kuomintang's corrupt domination in politics, economy and public opinions.

第二部分，叙述两党各自统辖区域的面貌，如国统区的进步性表现及其在政治、经济和舆论方面的腐败统治；共产党根据地在团结人民，实行民主政治和自力更生发展战时经济等方面给国际友人留下了深刻印象。

But by the 1990s, one-party rule, increasing political corruption, and brief flirtations with socialist policies had erased many social and economic gains.

但是到了1990年代，一党独大的政治局面增速了政治的腐败，同时短暂的社会主义政策将经济与社会上的成就抵销了。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。