政治组织

The sentimentalities were that all men in political right were created equal; that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, and are instituted to secure that equality; that every people － not every scattering neighborhood or settlement without organic life, not every portion of a people who may be temporarily discontented, but the political being that we call a people － has the right to institute a government for itself and to lay its foundation on such principles and organize its powders in such form as to it and not to any other people shall seem most likely to effect its safety and happiness.

这些原则是：人类生而平等；政府的正当权力是经被统治者同意而产生的，正是为了保障这种权力，人们才建立政府；每个民族──这里指的不是无组织分散的街坊或村落，也不指人民中一部分暂时感到不满的人，而是指作为一个政治实体的民族──都有权利建立自己的政府，而政府所依据的原则和用以组织其权力的方式，必须使人民认为这样才最可能保障他们的安全和幸福。

The present labor market is composed of unit organization and non- unit organizations. The former is still under the charge of nationality, performing certain of social and political function; the latter is outside the national administration system, carrying out a simplexes economical function.

目前的劳动力市场由体制内单位组织和体制外的非单位组织两大部分组成，前者仍然处在国家的控制之下，履行一定的社会和政治职能；后者则处在国家的行政体系之外，执行较为单纯的经济职能。

Under Chinese law, two organizations, with the incomparable political advantages than other organizations, deal with all aspects of rural social administration and form the important bed stone of rural political power at the basic Level.

依据我国法律，两种组织的职能已涵盖了农村社会管理的方方面面，具有其他组织不可比拟的政治优势，成为我国农村基层政权的重要基石。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为&知识—文化&传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The granges also began to organize for political action.

这些农庄组织还开始组织一些政治活动。

But with Kenya currently chairing the group, the opposition may reject the IGAD involvement.

但是由于肯尼亚目前担任东非政府间发展组织的轮值主席国，反对派可能会拒绝东非政府间发展组织参与解决政治危机的工作。

With the extensive establishment of cooperative organization, the cooperation movement was developing in extensive rural area. On one hand, it become the political tool for government to control rural society to realize the democracy; on the other hand, it also profoundly influenced the traditional rural society. The cooperative organizations smashed the traditional leasehold situation of rural society dominated by usurers and promoted the rural society transfer traditional debit and credit relationship to modern type.

合作运动在广大农村的开展，合作社组织的广泛设立，一方面成了国民政府整合、控制乡村社会实现民生主义的政治工具：另一方面也对农村传统社会产生了深刻的影响：合作社组织打破了传统高利贷一统乡村的局面，促使了乡村社会传统借贷关系向近代转型。

The existence and development of the democratic parties are the presupposition and requirement to be well engaged in the system of multiparty cooperation of China, thus the CPC should support the democratic parties to expand their social base and to further develop and expand their organizations, and share the freedom of politics, the independence of organization and the equality of juridical status stipulated by the constitution and laws within the entitlements and onuses.

搞好中国多党合作制度，是以民主党派的存在、发展为前提和条件的，为此，中共应支持民主党派扩大社会基础，在组织上进一步发展壮大，并享有宪法规定的权利和义务范围内的政治自由、组织独立和法律地位平等。

Employer s and worker s are two major social groups in market economies. Democratic and law-based states must establish a system of equilibrium of rights, taking into consideration the interests of the two parties. Trade union organizations and its strength are not only prerequisites for achieving labor interests, but also an indispensable social presence in modern democracies.

雇主与劳工是市场经济国家的两大社会利益群体，民主法治的国家必须建立起充分考虑双方利益的权利平衡制度，而工会组织和工会力量的存在是实现劳工利益的必要前提，工会组织和工会力量是现代民主政治国家不可或缺的社会存在。

The processing will be carried out in a controlled and otherwise appropriate manner by a foundation, association or other non-profit body with a political, philosophical, religious or trade-union aim "and on condition that the processing relates solely to the members of the body or to persons who have regular contact with it in connection with its purposes and th data are not disclosed to a third party without the consent of the data subjects"; or

数据处理将由基金会、协会或其他非营利的组织出于政治，哲学、宗教或贸易联合目的，以可控制的和别的合适的方式执行。&并且，在处理只关系到组织成员或由于处理的目的而经常接触到数据的人员的条件下，没有数据主体的允诺，数据不会向第三方透露&；或者

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。