政治组织

Title: Study on Decision Rule Optimization and Organization of Group Decision-making Abstract Group decision-making, as one of the basic forms of decision-making, plays an important role in economic and political fields due to the ever-increasing complexity of decision issue and the enhanced democracy awareness. Research of group decision-making is receiving more and more attention as the cutting edge of decision-making theory. Fruitful results are achieved in this field, while there are still some weak aspects for further research, especially in the organization and decision process ot group decision-making. Researches in those fields are instrumental in optimizing the organization and decision process of group decision-making. And we have made some exploration in this paper as follows.

随着决策问题的日趋复杂化和人们民主意识的增强，群体决策作为决策的一种基本形式，在政治和经济生活中占有越来越重要的地位，而群体决策作为决策理论研究的热点和前沿也在国内外方兴未艾，并取得了丰硕的成果，但也存在一些薄弱环节和需要深入研究的问题，特别是在群体决策的组织结构和决策过程方面，如群体决策的规则优化、决策规则的约束性质、群体决策中领导的影响、决策者之间的相关性对决策质量的影响、序贯群体决策中各种组织因素对其决策质量、决策效率、决策收益的影响等等。

Li Hongzhi illegally established an underground organization and set up a top-down rigorous secret system as a social and political force that confronted the Party, the country and the people.

李洪志违反国家法律规定，非法秘密结社，建立了一个自上而下、组织严密、活动诡秘的"法轮功"组织体系，成为与党、国家和人民相对抗的社会政治势力。

As more thorough destruction of the clan organization, Attica residents in China in the commodity and money relations legislation of the free and independent identity, initially with a piece of legislation co-equal relationship, which for them in the form of re-organized the country, establishing democracy provides the background conditions of social relations.

由于较彻底地破坏了氏族组织，阿提卡居民在商品货币关系中民立了自由、独立的身份，初步连立了相互平等的关系，这为他们在国家形态下重新组织起来时建立民主政治提供了社会关系背景条件。

And the faith bears following negative opposes existent regimeor order which has an effect of disintegration to the integration and development of society or religious fellowship;in economic aspect,the motivation of egregious benthamism during the religio...

负功能主要有：政治方面——部分宗教组织和势力反对现存社会制度和秩序，对社会及宗教团体内部的整合与发展起到瓦解作用；经济方面——宗教信仰世俗化中过分的功利主义动机带来了部分信徒和宗教组织的非法敛财聚等行为，客观上破坏了部分落后地区的经济发展和经济秩序；文化方面——宗教信仰的非理性主义直接冲击，阻碍了科学教育、科学知识及科学世界观的普及。

Environmental groups claimed Bt Brinjal might, through cross-pollination, wipe out thousands of indigenous brinjal varieties. Throughout November and December the "Coalition for a GM-Free India", grouping more than 100 NGOs from 15 states, campaigned at village councils and farmers' meetings, political rallies and in the non-English press and blogosphere.

环境组织则称bt茄子或许在异体授粉的过程中破坏了数千种土生的茄子品种。11月和12月，"印度无转基因联盟"在15个邦聚集了一百多个非政府组织，在乡村委员会、农民会议、政治集会和非英语媒体及博客圈中发起活动。

The Chinese Communist Youth League\'s this characteristic,is the organization or the government apparatus which had been established newly is unable to achieve nearly.Its organization distributed omni-directional network shape scale,the youth service comprehensive cover as well as the operation human resources,the social basis resources,the experience,the political background resources in the worldwide scale also are unique.

而且共青团的青年业务几乎涉及所有领域，其运作的人力资源、社会基础资源、工作经验、政治背景资源表现出的优势也是任何一个现有的和新成立的组织或政府机构几乎无法比拟的，尤其是其作为一个青年组织分布的全方位网络规模在世界范围内也是少有的。

The following article sets forth different positions on organized crimes of the scholars at home and abroad ,puts forward the writer s view on how to define organized crim...

同时还对有组织犯罪的四大基本特征进行了阐述，并从政治、经济、社会、心理等方面分析了有组织犯罪产生的原因。

The UN not only preserved international cooperation organs like the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, and the International Court of Justice, and facilitated the transformation of the world from a Eurocentric to a global system; but also provided a focus for world politics. But it has not succeeded in creating an international security framework conceived by its fathers and a new world order from which every state gains a security shield.

联合国不仅保留了世界卫生组织、国际劳工组织、国际法院等国际性合作团体，促进了整个世界从以欧洲为中心向全球体系转变，而且为世界政治提供了一个中心舞台，但是它没能成功地建立起其创始者所期望的国际安全框架和使每个国家获得安全保障的世界新秩序。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

C. (1972), Management of Personnel: Manpower Management and Organizational Behavior, New York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.

林淑姬（1992），薪酬公平、程序公平与组织承诺、组织公民行为关系之研究，国立政治大学企业管理研究所博士论文。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。