政治社会的

This period, social structure urgent hurriedly changes, social contradiction is unusually acerb, annex war is consecutive, culture thought is all-time and active.......

使这一时期成为中国历史上诸子百家政治学术思想大融合的重要时期，这个时期，社会结构急遽变化，社会矛。。。。。。

So, whether for the expansion of bureaucracy's administrative power, or for the bureaucratization of democratic organizations, we must have a"limit".

如果民主机构因过度地官僚制化而转变成一种事实上的"官僚体制"，那么，历史上那种官僚制一统天下的局面又会重新出现，民主政治将不复存在，而专制政治则会在现代社会重新上演。

Being a componential part of the political and economic system of society, education is an issue which involves various complicated elements such as the changes of culture, society and institution.

而且，由于教育是社会政治经济制度的组成部份，涉及到文化变迁、社会变迁、制度变迁等诸多复杂因素。

This paper investigates the economic position、cultural life and social political attitude of middle class in the present western society, and thinks it has filled with multiplicity, contradictoriness and complexity.

本文对当代西方社会中产阶级的经济地位、文化生活和社会政治态度进行了考察研究，认为其充满了多重性、矛盾性和复杂性。

The author firstly combs the teachers sources of Shuyuan in Ming and Qing dynasties, points out that there are four main sources for it, and concludes that making full use of social resources is a valid path to solve the problem of teachers sources then.Secondly, the present research consults Shuyuan teachers employment way in Ming and Qing dynasties, combs its three ways and deeply inquires into the subjective and objective condition for them.Thirdly, the present research analyses Shuyuan teaching characteristics, management and promotion, sums up seven main teaching characteristics and analyses the advantage and disadvantage of them,Further more , the present research consults Shuyuan teachers management and promotion, makes an analysis on its historic courses why it"s informal.Finally, the present research analyses the Shuyuan teachers" economic treatment, social status and the influence and effect made to the politics, economy, military, social life and cultural education where they were situated in Ming and Qing dynasties, and concludes that the Shuyuan teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties actively participated in the local social activities in their peculiar upper class gentlemanship and greatly influenced and promoted the policy making and carrying out of the local public affairs, meanwhile, they promoted the communication and development of local learning and culture , and trained quite many men for profession for the locals.

作者首先对明清时期书院教师的来源进行了梳理，指出了明清书院教师的四种主要来源，认为充分利用社会资源是明清书院解决教师来源的有效途径；其次，对明清时期书院教师的聘用方式进行了历史考察，梳理出明清时期书院存在着三种教师聘用方式，深入探讨了这三种方式并存的主客观条件；再次，对明清时期书院教师的教学特点进行了分析，归纳出七个主要教学特点，并说明其利弊；此外，探讨了明清时期书院教师的管理及升迁问题，分析了其存在的不规范性的历史原因；最后，剖析了明清时期书院教师的经济待遇、社会地位及对书院所在地的政治、经济、军事及社会生活与文化教育所可能产生的作用与影响，得出明清书院教师以自己特有的上层绅士身份与地位积极地参与到当地社会生活之中，并在相当程度上影响与促进了地方公共事务的决策与实施；同时，他们促进了当地学术及文化的交流与发展，为当地培养出了大批的杰出人才。

Thereby,he found a correctpath of the solution to the principal contradictions,i.e.through establishment andimplementation of the basic line of"one center and two basic points",under thepremise of adherence to the basic socialist system,we should reform fundamentallyvarious specific systems such as highly-concentrated stiff economy and politics.

在新的历史时期，邓小平总结国内外在社会主义社会主要矛盾问题上的经验教训，把马克思主义的基本原理同我国的具体实际和时代特征相结合，通过对社会基本矛盾的分析和研究，确立了人民日益增长的物质文化需要与落后的社会生产之间的矛盾是我国社会主要矛盾的思想，并由此找到了解决主要矛盾的正确途径，即通过制定和实施党的"一个中心、两个基本点"的基本路线，在坚持社会主义基本制度的前提下，从根本上改革高度集中僵化的经济、政治等各种具体体制。

Arrive modern age, western society along with produce divide of realm and social activities realm, society the relation gradually complicates, indiscrete society consciousness gradually the time divide and become politics, law, religion, morals etc. opposite independence of social consciousness appearance.

到了近代，西方社会随着生产领域及社会生活领域的分化，社会关系日趋复杂化，浑然一体的社会意识渐次分化，形成政治、法律、宗教、道德等相对独立的社会意识形态。

Through the static analysis, we think that traditional power is a protogenetic power; Tibetan Buddhism is a peculiar religion form that Indian Buddhism blended into the indigenous culture of Tibetan, it has doctrine, sandhana, ceremony and so on, and forms the religion power of worshipping living Buddha as base. The state power forms in the patriarchal clan system society, but it is thought political coercive power, even violence in the XunHua Tibetan area.

通过静态的分析，我们认为传统部落权力依靠循化藏区内对传统部落制度的文化价值认同的惯性得以维持和延续，是一种原生的权力形态；藏传佛教是印度佛教融入到藏族本土文化之中形成的一种独特的宗教形态，具有教义、修行到仪轨等一整套神秘主义的色彩和强化宗教认同的神圣化的意识形态，由此形成了以活佛崇拜为基础的宗教权力；王朝国家权力形成于以汉族为主体的宗法社会之中，它的强制力的一面依靠传统的宗法制度而被塑造成具有神权色彩的政治权威，然而在循化藏区由于文化认同的关系，王朝国家的政治权威被还原为政治强制力乃至于暴力。

The "political pop" heat possesses the intent of modern art movement in 1980s apparently, and the representative artists deconstruct the revolutionary realism set up in the Mao Zedong's Time by peculating the trends of western modern art and post-modern art. The more important cause is that the great transformation of Chinese social background, reform and opening-up policy made by Deng Xiaoping let China transit from the original political country to economic country. And this kind of profound change compels sensitive artists to pay attention on current reality in new approach. The angles of view of "pop" let artists find popular approach to confront the political complex of the past.

政治波普热明显的带有80年代现代艺术运动的意向，它的代表性艺术们通过挪用西方现代与后现代艺术的思潮使毛泽东时代建立的革命现实主义得到了解构，更重要的原因是中国社会背景的大变化，邓小平的改革开放使中国由原来的政治国家逐渐过渡到经济国家，这种深刻的变化逼迫敏感的艺术家们必须以新的途径关注当下现实，而波普的视角使艺术家们找到了与过去的政治情结相对抗的流行途径。

With the widening of the room for online speech and expression as well as the liberal development of speech governing system in recent years,"Internet politics"is gradually coming into being, and online public opinion has being caused concern and controversy for the fact that it is exerting an unprecedented impact on"exploding"social problems and social phenomena, especially on the aspect of public criticism and public decision promotion.

随着网络言论空间的拓宽和言论管理机制近年来的宽松发展，&互联网政治&渐趋发生，网络民意在&引爆&社会问题和社会现象，尤其是在推动公共事务、公共决策方面，发挥出前所未有的巨大社会干涉作用和现实影响力。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。