政治社会的

The nation state of early modern Europe, however, did not rise out of the divergence of the burgher class and the feudal power.

市民阶级政治思想家从基本的人类理性出发，抽象并论证出独立的、个体人的自然本性和基本权利，进而引申出新时代的国家权力观念、民族共同体观念、民主与共和观念和契约权利观念等人类社会共同体生活的一般理性准则，从而不仅为近代民族国家的确立和发展创设了有利的社会舆论氛围和新价值导向，同时还在理论上规定了近代民族国家的政治思想框架。

Throughout Chinese feudal society, politics influences every aspect of peoples social life in all-around way, and political essays are the direct flection of such influence in the domain of literature.

一政治是人类社会生活的一个重要组成部分。在中国古代封建社会里，受特殊的文化意识和社会结构的影响，政治全方位地渗透到了人们生活的各方面。

Construct the socialism harmonious society needs to carry out social fair justice and keep the society incorrupt,strengthen School incorruption education must bring it into the education system of thought and morals for school students,and bring it into the target of citizen's education.

建设社会主义和谐社会需要维护和实现社会公平正义，保持社会廉洁，这就为学校廉洁教育提出了任务和要求。加强学校廉洁教育就是要将它纳入未成年人思想道德建设和大学生思想政治教育体系之中，真正纳入国民教育的目标。

After morals norm becomes independent social consciousness appearance, on the other hand together political norm, law norm, religious norm keep both and on the other hand again permeate politics, law, religion of composition, with this correspond, west of morals education, on the other hand independently come out from the social consciousness education, educate with political, legal system education, religion education mutually proceed together, permeate on the other hand and inevitably politics, law, religious educational composition.

道德规范成为独立的社会意识形态后，一方面同政治规范、法律规范、宗教规范并存，另一方面又渗透着政治、法律、宗教的成分，与此相应，西方的道德教育，一方面从社会意识教育中独立出来，与政治教育、法制教育、宗教教育相互并行，另一方面又不可避免地渗透着政治、法律、宗教教育的成分。

Vietnam War had a strong impact on American politics and economy and social fields. However, relative to American politics and society, the war had a limited effect on American economy.

越南战争对美国的政治、经济和社会等方面都产生了极大的冲击，但相对于政治和社会方面的影响，战争对美国经济的作用却是有限的。

Equal consciousness has the fundamental status in the political conscious civilization, but it also play an important part in the constructing of socialistic political civilization . In the political institutional civilization, this paper set forth the issues of the constructing of democratic system, that is, democracy is as important to the constructing of political civilization as the solarism to astronomy. But in the modern society of China, which has the profound tradition of civilianism, what kind of democracy do we need?

平等意识在政治意识文明中具有基础地位，而它对于社会主义政治文明建设具有十分重要的作用；政治制度文明中阐述了民主制度建设的问题，民主对于政治文明建设的重要就象太阳中心说对于天文学一样，然而，在有着深厚民本主义传统的现代中国社会，我们究竟需要怎样的民主？

In these reports, the expression "social justice" frequently appears on the paper, which gives the best theoretical note to the phenomenon of "right protection".But, what is "social justice", This paper, in light with the revelant theories proposed by the Chinese and western scholars of sociology and the reality of China, proposes that, social justice is the justice of the course and result of the distribution of the social resourses. That is, in the course of communication and distribution, individuals of the society should have the same social and political status and try to avoid benefiting one and leave the others basic living necessities outside of the society.

本文立足中西方社会学者的相关理论，取其共性，分析其区别，在结合当前国内社会实际状况的基础上指出，社会公正是指社会资源分配过程的公正和分配结果的公正，即社会中人与人在交往过程中处于对等的社会与政治关系，并且避免由于其中一方获取更多利益而使得另一方生存空间小于本身需要。

1Theoretically,based on Marxism and positive methodology and applying heavily theory andmethodologies from modern political science、sociology and Social psychology,it provides a more pro-found analysis on Sun's political thought;2as far as the narrative is concerned,the essay does not setany abstract goal to give a unpositive judgement on Sun's thought but sets the study in the social envi-ronment then and in an enviroment where international political thought kept changing;3the essayalso provides new ideas elsewhere as far as individual issues are concerned.

本文的独特之处在于：一、从理论而言，本文以马克思主义为基本指导，以实证史学为基础，大量运用了现代政治学、社会学、社会心理学等理论与方法，对孙中山的政治思想作了较为深入的分析。二、从论述角度而言，本文并未设定一抽象目标，对孙中山妄加评判，而是把孙中山放在中国当时的社会环境，国际政治思潮变化的环境中进行分析。三、从具体问题而言，本文也有若干新见。

One, the serious content that the connotation politics that politics of ab extra builder participates in is participated in is contemporary democracy and prominent symbol, reflected the marrow of democracy, also be modern society democracy the foundation that the system bilks to be in in order to put.

概要： 一、外来建设者政治参和的内涵政治参和是当代民主政治的重要内容和显著标志，体现了民主政治的精髓，也是现代社会民主制度赖以存在的基础。

Although some members came from the royal clan and the empress clans, it was maily formed by the officials coming from the middle and lower levels. As the opposite side, the crown prince's clique consisted of the members which came from the royal clan, the empress clans and other traditional hereditary preponderant clans.

从社会出身来看，该集团尽管包含有某些皇族和后族成员，但其主体却是出身于社会中下层的官员；该集团的政治对立面，主要是由皇族、后族成员及其他传统世家大族成员所组成的太子集团，他们代表着传统的政治势力。

By using competitive adsorption of activated carbom to remove unfavorable influence of carbon in carbonaceous gold concentrate on leaching process, the leaching rate of gold concentrate can be improved to 88% as compared with 10%by direct cyanidation.

本文论述了利用活性炭竞争吸附作用，消除含炭金精矿中炭在浸出过程中的影响，使金精矿的浸出率可由直接氰化的10％提高到88％。

The only thing you're ever gonna be king of is King of the Stupids!

你只配做傻瓜的国王！