政治活动

Institutes of Social Science are not only able to collect all kinds of forces of social sciences to provide the exchange platform for academic elites, but also play a very important accelerative role in the improvement of the economy, the society, politics and the culture, as well as in the development of the enterprises'management .

社科类学会不仅能够很好地将社科类学科的各种力量集聚在一起，为学界精英们提供交流进步的平台，而且其研究成果能够为经济、社会、政治、文化的进步与发展以及企业的经营活动发挥极为重要的促进作用。

Few Russian public figures rose above immediate political concerns. An exception was Lyudmila Alexeyeva, a veteran human-rights defender, who was one of only a few to agonise over whether to join an anti-government protest on March 31st.

没几个俄罗斯公众人物能超越政治争议来看问题，但资深人权斗士Lyudmila Alexeyeva做到了，她是少数几个在是否要参加3月31日抗议政府活动上感到纠结的人之一。

Western culture in the red is a derogatory very strong word, is "fire","blood" of the association, it is a symbol of brutality, bloodshed, such as (1) The red rules oftooth and claw killing and violence, rule ,(2) red revenge bloody revenge,(3) a red battle bloody; it a symbol of radical, violent revolution, such as (1) red hotpolitical campaign heated political campaign,(2)a red revolution Red revolution,(3) red activities leftist radical activity; it is also a symbol of danger, tension, such as (1) red alert air raid alarm,(2) a red adventure story of a nerve-wrecking adventures,(3) a red flag danger signal flags; it a symbol of debauchery, obscenity, such as (1) a red waste of his youth(2) a red light district demi-monde,(3) Is she really sored as she is painted?

西方文化中的红色则是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如（1）The red rules oftooth and claw残杀和暴力统治，（2）red revenge血腥复仇，（3）ared battle血战；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如（1）red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动，（2）a red revolution 赤色革命，（3）red activities左派激进活动；它也象征危险、紧张，如（1）red alert空袭报警，（2）a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事，（3）a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放荡、淫秽，如（ 1）a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春，（2）ared light district花街柳巷，（ 3）Is she really sored as she is painted？

American individualism, originated from the Western philosophical individualism, has come to be the core of Americanism.

美国是当今世界唯一的超级大国，它的政治制度、经济体系、文化活动都牵动着现代英语国家的神经。

Li Hongzhi illegally established an underground organization and set up a top-down rigorous secret system as a social and political force that confronted the Party, the country and the people.

李洪志违反国家法律规定，非法秘密结社，建立了一个自上而下、组织严密、活动诡秘的"法轮功"组织体系，成为与党、国家和人民相对抗的社会政治势力。

Nevertheless,or exactly for that reason,it is the place that is still full of extreme neglect and even hostility toward the noise's aesthetic and political possibilities ,only the lives of every samll and minor activity that has its own aural qualities could not be accumulated and sustained here;the condition for listening to the sound of the collectives of the 'small poeple' and the 'tiny machines',under or maybe beyond the threshold of audibility ,dosesn't seem to be secured sufficiently.surely,this kind of problem is not confined in the particular locality like seoul,or south korea.anyway,this tension and the sense of the absence of condition,together,have been the main source of the two koren resident noise-making.

然而，或许更是因为，这是一个对噪音美学与政治的可能性充满轻蔑与敌视的地方，在这里，那些有自身听感氛围与质量的小众活动不能够集聚起来并很好的持续下去；对於那些倾心于此类音乐并集合在一起的"弱小个体"们和那些"微型机器"，必然是早就远离或超越了肤浅的旋律性和可听性的门槛，看起来并不能稳定地被安置，当然，此类问题不只被局限在一个小的局部，首尔，韩国，无论在哪，这一切产生的张力连同其状况本身，反复地显现在我们眼前，交织在一起，构成了两个韩国人创作原生噪音的来源。

Bakunin:Russian anarchist and political theorist who was imprisoned and later exiled to Siberia for his revolutionary activities.

巴枯宁：俄国无政府主义者和政治理论家，因其革命活动曾被关进监狱，后来被流放到西伯利亚。

Bakunin:Russian anarchist and political theorist who was imprisoned and later exile d to Siberia for his revolutionary activities.

巴枯宁：俄国无政府主义者和政治理论家，因其革命活动曾被关进监狱，后来被流放到西伯利亚。

It is here that the Renaissance concept of an "ideal city" that re-creates celestial harmony on earth originated. As Leon Battista Alberti wrote in the De Re Aedificatoria (1450), a city is a site tobe designed, a space for living in harmony, a place for social encounters, political organization and economic planning.

文艺复兴时期，正是在意大利诞生了"理想城市"的概念——在大地上构建天堂般的和谐。1450年，莱昴·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂在其《建筑论》一书中这样描述城市：它是一个需要规划的场地，一片宁静生活的空间，一个从事社交、政治、经济活动的场所。

The distress of the people, the laborers without bread, the last Prince de Conde engulfed in the shadows, Brussels expelling the Nassaus as Paris did the Bourbons, Belgium offering herself to a French Prince and giving herself to an English Prince, the Russian hatred of Nicolas, behind us the demons of the South, Ferdinand in Spain, Miguel in Portugal, the earth quaking in Italy, Metternich extending his hand over Bologna, France treating Austria sharply at Ancona, at the North no one knew what sinister sound of the hammer nailing up Poland in her coffin, irritated glances watching France narrowly all over Europe, England, a suspected ally, ready to give a push to that which was tottering and to hurl herself on that which should fall, the peerage sheltering itself behind Beccaria to refuse four heads to the law, the fleurs -de -lys erased from the King's carriage, the cross torn from Notre Dame, Lafayette lessened, Laffitte ruined, Benjamin Constant dead in indigence, Casimir Perier dead in the exhaustion of his power; political and social malady breaking out simultaneously in the two capitals of the kingdom, the one in the city of thought, the other in the city of toil; at Paris civil war, at Lyons servile war; in the two cities, the same glare of the furnace; a crater-like crimson on the brow of the people; the South rendered fanatic, the West troubled, the Duchesse de Berry in la Vendee, plots, conspiracies, risings, cholera, added the sombre roar of tumult of events to the sombre roar of ideas.

人民的疾苦，没有面包的劳动人民，最后一个孔代亲王的横死②，仿效驱逐波旁家族的巴黎而驱逐纳索家族的布鲁塞尔，自愿归附一个法兰西亲王而终被交给一个英格兰亲王的比利时，尼古拉的俄罗斯仇恨，站在我们背后的两个南方魔鬼西班牙的斐迪南和葡萄牙的米格尔，意大利的地震，把手伸向博洛尼亚的梅特涅，在安科纳以强硬手段对付奥地利的法兰西，从北方传来把波兰钉进棺材的那阵无限悲凉的锤子声音，整个欧洲瞪眼望着法国的那种愤激目光，随时准备趁火打劫、落井下石的不可靠的盟国英格兰，躲在贝卡里亚背后拒绝向法律交出四颗人头的贵族院，从国王车子上刮掉的百合花，从圣母院拔去的十字架，物化了的拉斐德，破产了的拉菲特，死于贫困的班加曼·贡斯当，死于力竭的卡齐米尔·佩里埃，在这王国的两个都市中棗一个思想的城市，一个劳动的城市棗同时发生的政治病和社会病，巴黎的民权战争，里昂的奴役战争，两个城市中的同一种烈焰，出现在人民额头上的那种类似火山爆发的紫光，狂烈的南方，动荡的西方，待在旺代的德·贝里公爵夫人，阴谋，颠覆活动，暴乱，霍乱，这些都在种种思潮的纷争之上增添了种种事变的纷起。①在法国一八三○年革命中，拉斐德是自由保王派，波林尼雅克是被推翻的查理十世王朝的内阁大臣。②孔代，波旁家族的一个支系，一八三○年孔代亲王被人吊死在野外，未破案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。