政治学者

Born in central Iran in 1902, he became an Islamic scholar and made his first major foray into politics in 1963 when he organized opposition to the Shah's Westernizing and secularizing initiatives.

霍梅尼1902年出生于伊朗中部，后成为伊斯兰学者。1963年开始涉足政治，反对沙阿国王西方化和世俗化的改革方案。

From the economic system, political system and social life, such as three-pronged approach to a specific detailed analysis and elaboration, with a view to the relevant departments so that more leadership, government agencies, experts and scholars as soon as possible to see that government procurement in the impact of commercial bribery and To this end actively identify the causes and corresponding solutions Road; Chapter III, the paper from the four main aspects of analysis, divided into root causes of the basic reasons for and production of the internal and external reasons of commercial bribery, aimed at exploring Binger, right; Chapter IV , Is the last part of this paper is the most important part of that governance in commercial bribery in government procurement policies.

从经济生活、政治生活和社会生活等三个方面入手进行具体翔实地剖析和阐述，以期让更多的相关部门领导、政府机构、专家学者能尽快地看到政府采购中商业贿赂的影响，并积极找出相应的原因和解决之道；第三章，本文主要从四个方面对政府采购中商业贿赂产生的原因进行剖析，旨在探寻病根，对症下药；第四章，也是本文的最后部分，也是最为重要的一部分，即政府采购中商业贿赂的治理对策。

They advance considered viewpoints about Brazils industrialization development model, military regime and once-more-democratization.

对巴西的经济、政治等方面的研究，国内外已经有很多学者，他们各抒己见，对巴西的工业化发展模式、军人政权以及再民主化等等提出了比较成熟的观点。

Li Yinghe, an academic at the prestigious Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has repeatedly proposed legalising gay marriage, but thinks the Chinese political system must develop first.

李银河，一位有声望的中国社会科学院的学者，再三提议：要使同性恋婚姻合法化；但她认为：中国的政治体制应当率先发展。

Ever since the first person said and proved that the number of births or crimes is subject to mathematical laws, that certain geographical and politico-economical laws determine this or that form of government, that certain relations of the population to the soil lead to migrations of peoples—from that moment the foundations on which history was built were destroyed in their essence.

托勒美是古希腊学者、天文学家和地理学家，创立天动说。自从有人宣布和证明，出生率和犯罪率服从数学法则，一定的地理条件、政治和经济条件决定这种或那种管理形式，人口和土地的一定关系造成民族迁徙——从此，历史赖以建立的基础实际上被摧毁了。

Based on articles, prefaces, postscripts of the LRS anchors, its major publications as well as other scholars studies on this society, the thesis aims to reassess its literary and political pursuits, translation activities and contributions to modern Chinese literature so as to reveal possible cultural constraints in a historical and social frame.

本文将文学研究会置入其产生的历史文化背景之中，深入研究了文学研究会主要成员的论文、前言、后记、译序，文学研究会主要出版物的期刊目录和书目以及其他学者的相关研究成果，对其主要的文学政治主张、翻译活动和对中国现代文学的贡献进行梳理，以期揭示影响其翻译活动的社会文化因素。

Linguists may distinguish categories of learners defined by the identity and relationship of their L1 and L2; psycholinguists may make distinctions based on individual aptitude for L2 learning, personality factors, types and strength of motivation, and different learning strategies; sociolinguists may distinguish among learners with regard to social, economic and political differences and learner experiences in negotiated interaction; and social psychologists may categorize learners according to aspects of their group identity and attitudes toward target language speakers or toward L2 learning itself.

语言学家可能要依靠学习者的身份和母语二语关系来区分出学习者；心理语言学者可能要根据二语学习能力、个性因素、动机的种类和力度和不同的学习策略来区分学习者；社会语言学家可能要根据社会、政治和经济差异、学习者的协商互动经历来区分学习者；社会语言心理学家可能要根据群体身份和对于目的语和二语学习本身的态度来划分学习者。

Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, a teacher of religion, philosophy, political science.

在他95年的人生中，出版了多部著作。他是一个真正的革新者，宗教家、哲学家和政治科学学者。

Although it appeared some professional scholars in Indian Mughul empire period, but they only can attach in the royal court or take orders from the feudal ruler, could not form an independent political power, and were more impossible to become the propelling force of the social development.

莫卧儿帝国时期虽然出现了一些职业学者，但是他们只能依附于王室或听命于封建统治者，不能形成一股独立的政治力量，更不能形成社会发展的推动力。

However, because of the efforts of certain "politically correct" revisionist scholars to obscure or even deny the leading role of Western civilization in shaping the modern economic world, David S. Landes has felt obliged to emphasize the obvious in his thoroughly researched, impressive history of the last 1,000 years of economic development.

可是， 因为某些&政治正确&的修正主义学者极力掩盖甚至否认西方文明在打造现代经济世界上的主要作用，蓝迪斯觉得有必要对这明显不过的论点再予以强调重申，于是就有了这部调研详尽震聋发聩的经济发展千年史。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。