政治制度

In America academia, the study of Congress has gone through an anglophile responsible-party phase, a sociologically oriented legislative-behavior phase, and contemporary institutional studies have been directed by the New Institutionalism Politics thus far.

从美国学术界的研究来看，国会政治经历了类似英国式政党议会政治研究、具有社会学倾向的立法行为研究和以新制度主义政治学指导下的国会制度研究等范式的转型。

He speaks of the various systems of Political economy in a separate part of his work solely for the purpose of demonstrating their non-efficiency, and of proving that 'political' or national economy must be replaced by 'cosmopolitical or world-wide economy.

他在他书里的个别场合谈到各种政治经济制度时，只是为了指出这些制度的无成效，从而证明必须以"世界主义或世界范围的经济学"来代替"政治的"或国家的经济学。

However,at present we lack study on this system in theory, and has the tendency of formalistic eyeless introduction in practice In order to perfectly exert the role that this Independent Director System plays on the corporation and legal person supervision structure, we must exactly analyze and evaluate its function and avoid by all means regarding it as the ca...

为了真正发挥独立董事制度对完善我国公司法人治理结构的作用，本文认为必须客观地分析评价独立董事制度的功能，切忌把独立董事制度看作"包医百病"的"灵丹妙药"，同时还必须从中国现存的政治、经济体制以及公司制度的现实出发，建立健全中国式的独立董事制度。

Through discussing the transformation of the system of lawyers during the generation and development of it, and analyzing the phenomena of practicing alienation which have emerged from the Chinese lawyering under Chinese system of lawyers in force, and combining the relevant internal and external theories, we hope to demonstrate some opinions.The first, the external conditions which included the considerable authoritative position of the law and the widespread acceptance by civilian under the rule-by-law situation of the west as England, U-S-A, France and Germany, and the internal conditions which included the great professional practical skills and the improvement of the autonomous and self-governing systems, had formed a great solid base for the establishment and development of the system of lawyers of the West.

拙文通过对律师制度的产生与发展过程中的制度演变的讨论，通过对中国现行律师制度之下中国律师业出现的执业异化的现象的剖析，从政治国家与市民社会的理论模型入手，结合国内外有关的理论探讨，力图说明以下观点：首先，已建立了律师制度的英、美、法、德等西方国家的高度法治状态下法律具有的至高无上的权威地位和民众对律师职业的内在认同等外部条件，以及律师具有的高度专业化的服务技能与他人无法取代的业务素养和律师业自治自律的机制的不断强化等内在条件，为这些西方国家的律师制度奠定了非常坚实的构建和发展的基础。

In this paper the importation of translations that the value orientation of personnel, organization and personnel employment orientation towards the mobile space changes focusing on concepts, organizations, systems, cultural, and social aspects of China's human impact on the flow of major issues, from the political, economic, cultural, market, environment etc., the promotion and protection of the rational flow of talents to deal with comments and suggestions, as follows: In politics, setting up the political sense of talent with the progress of time spirit, implementing roundly the strategy to strengthen nation by relying on talent, establishing quickly the system to manage talent and reforming the system of personnel; In economy,talent flow corresponding with economic construction, assorting talent's structure with economic structure, paying attention to the economic benefit from talent flow, quickening to construct the social welfare system of talent, founding the flexible system of employment and reducing the cost of talent flow; In culture, stressing on the functions of culture for talent flow, cultural model corresponding with the model of talent flow, sparking plug the excellent culture to facilitate talent flow and erecting the cultural system to motivate talent flow; In marketing, unifying the thinking to developing talent market, enhancing the construction of talent market and fastening the growth of service agency for talent; In surroundings, grasping the elements of talent surroundings, optimizing the circumstance of talent flow and building the condition to look after the security of talents.

本文指出了人才价值取向、组织用人取向和人才流动空间走向的变化，着重从观念、组织、制度、文化、社会等方面具体分析了影响我国人才流动的主要问题，从政治、经济、文化、市场、环境等方面研究，提出了促进和保障人才合理流动的意见和建议，包括：树立与时俱进的人才政治理念，全面实施人才强国战略，加快构建人才领导体制，改革创新人事制度等政治对策；人才流动与经济建设对应，人才结构与经济结构协调，讲求人才流动的经济效益，加快人才社会保障体系建设，建立灵活的就业体制，降低人才流动的经济成本等经济对策；注重文化功能对人才流动的作用，倡导促进人才流动的优秀文化，构建激励人才流动的文化机制等文化对策；统一人才市场发展思路，突出人才市场建设重点，加快人才服务业的成长等市场对策；优化人才流动环境，构建人才安全环境等环境对策。

Say from common sense,"Recursive Europe " it is the political catchword that leader of politics of state of the shunt after revulsion puts forward, aim to domestic and international declare publicly, they are appetent the politics that casts off Russia, economy and martial control and influence, the politics that rapid development is the same as the west, economy and military affairs concern a kind of such new ground predestined relationships political incline to, the political value orientaton with self-identity active west (the with diversity citizen society that builds democracy) with economic system .

从一般意义上说，&回归欧洲&是剧变后转轨国家政治领导人提出的政治口号，旨在向国内外昭示，它们意欲摆脱苏联的政治、经济和军事控制及影响，迅速发展同西方的政治、经济和军事关系这样一种新的地缘政治趋向，认同西方现行的政治价值取向(建立民主的和多元化的公民社会)和经济制度。

As a necessary component in the socialistdemocratic political framework which is getting more and more perfect during the process of our reform ,political party system plays avital role in the construction of socialist democracy .

不同国家由于社会制度和执政党的阶级属性不同，其政党政治所体现的民主政治的性质、内容、范围和程度也就不同，所实行的政党制度和政治法律制度也必然会有本质的区别。

The whole Party pitching in and taking charge of this work.(9) setting typical examples for people to follow them. In chapter 4, the author suggests that ideological and political work is our Party"s "lifeline" and "central link, which must be carried forward and brought forth new ideas. According to such new situations and cases as the diversity of social life, the globalization of economy and information, the new struggle situation in the ideological sphere and so on. ideological and political work needs new ideas, and the work must adhere to the major principles as follows:(1) To correctly deal with the relationship of strengthening and improvement succession and innovation as well as creatively carrying out work based on strengthening and carrying forward.(2) To respect the mass initial creation spirit, further consolidate the consciousness of practice and unceasingly sum up and spread the new experiences of ideological and political work.(3) To adhere to realities, master the law and intensify the aim.(4) To make use of modem scientific technology and results of social science.(5) Under the premise of insisting on the above principles, to forcefully bring forth new ideas into ideologic

在第四章中，笔者提出思想政治工作是我党的&生命线&和&中心环节&，必须继承和发扬这一优良传统；新的形势和新的情况，如社会生活的多样性、经济和信息的全球化、思想领域斗争的新形势等，要求思想政治工作必须创新；思想政治工作创新必须坚持以下主要原则：必须正确处理好加强和改进、继承与创新的关系，在加强和继承的基础上创造性地开展工作；必须充分尊重群众的首创精神，进一步强化实践意识，不断总结推广思想政治工作的新经验；必须贴近现实、把握规一津、增强针对性：必须应用现代科学技术和社会科学的发展成果；在坚持以上原则的前提下，新时期思想政治工作必须在观念和思路、内容和载体、方法和手段以及制度方面予以重大创新。

Through the static analysis, we think that traditional power is a protogenetic power; Tibetan Buddhism is a peculiar religion form that Indian Buddhism blended into the indigenous culture of Tibetan, it has doctrine, sandhana, ceremony and so on, and forms the religion power of worshipping living Buddha as base. The state power forms in the patriarchal clan system society, but it is thought political coercive power, even violence in the XunHua Tibetan area.

通过静态的分析，我们认为传统部落权力依靠循化藏区内对传统部落制度的文化价值认同的惯性得以维持和延续，是一种原生的权力形态；藏传佛教是印度佛教融入到藏族本土文化之中形成的一种独特的宗教形态，具有教义、修行到仪轨等一整套神秘主义的色彩和强化宗教认同的神圣化的意识形态，由此形成了以活佛崇拜为基础的宗教权力；王朝国家权力形成于以汉族为主体的宗法社会之中，它的强制力的一面依靠传统的宗法制度而被塑造成具有神权色彩的政治权威，然而在循化藏区由于文化认同的关系，王朝国家的政治权威被还原为政治强制力乃至于暴力。

In other words, these politically correct people would use the clause to suppress an institution they find abhorrent the prohibition of which transgresses a right they think is of limited importance, but not an institution they approve (same-sex marriage) which they see as required to condemn discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.

换句话说，当这些政治上正确的人们发现一种制度可憎以及对该制度的禁止只会违反他们认为重要程度不大的权利时，他们可能就会适用这项条款对该制度进行压制，但是如果他们既赞成一种制度，又认为这种制度是谴责性取向歧视时不可或缺的东西，那么他们就会不再适用这项条款。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。