政治上的

Therefore, it promotes this comparative study rather instructively. This paper adopts the comparative method and studies the syntactic and semantic similarities and differences of passive voices among English, French and Chinese on the basis of the theory of Chomsky "principle parameters". This paper also analyzes the profound reason for the differences: cultural differences and finds that it is just the historical and cultural element that make the external differences into being.

本文运用对比分析的方法，以乔姆斯基原则与参数理论为基础，从句法上和语义上比较分析了英语、法语和汉语的被动语态的异同，并从历史文化上分析了这些异同产生的原因，通过分析研究得知，英语、法语和汉语的被动语态不仅在句法和语义上有许多差异，而且这些差异的存在是由于深层的历史、政治和文化上的原因所造成的。

Is stressing the party spirit, the heavy conduct, to make the model aspect, had the problem which truly is noteworthy: In few party members and in the leading cadre, the ideal faith is faint, the world outlook, the outlook on life, the values distortion, are not divided the right and wrong, does not insist the truth; Studies not really to party's elementary theory, believes not really, uses not really; To harms the party and the national interest words and deeds ignores, is overcautious and indecisive, the evasion contradiction, does not rest on principle; Craves in politics in exploiting one's connections, looks for the seat, the running official to want the official; Exploits power in the economy, forgets honor at the sight of profits, resorts to all means; Seeks ease and comfort in the life, is dissolute, is wanton and luxurious living; Is desolate to the populace emotion, is indifferent, numb, disregards the populace safety changes in temperature; Some existence bureaucracy, formalism, pick the easy jobs and shirk the hard ones, use deception.

在讲党性、重品行、作表率方面，确实出现了很多值得注意的问题：在极少数党员和领导干部中，理想信念淡漠，世界观、人生观、价值观扭曲，不分是非，不坚持真理；对党的基本理论不真学、不真信、不真用；对损害党和国家利益的言行熟视无睹、瞻前顾后、回避矛盾，不讲原则；在政治上热衷于拉关系、找位子、跑官要官；在经济上以权谋私、见利忘义、不择手段；在生活上贪图享受、腐化堕落、纸醉金迷；对群众情感冷淡，漠不关心，麻木不仁，无视群众安危冷暖；有的存在官僚作风、形式主义，拈轻怕重，弄虚作假。

In the past hundred years, western feminist movement has already severely criticized this sex inequality in language and feminists have been advocating nonsexist words, or gender-neutral words.

近百年来，西方女权主义运动对这种语言上的不平等现象进行了批判，主张创造没有性别歧视的词汇，而中国政府倡导"男女平等"政策，使妇女在政治上和经济上获得了独立，语言中性化的趋势不可避免。

It seemed to me that the roots of the problem were these: the White House staff had too little experience in, and too few connections with, Washington's established power centers; we were trying to do too many things at once, creating an impression of disarray and preventing the people from hearing what we had actually accomplished; our lack of a clear message made otherwise minor issues look as if I was governing on the cultural and political left, not from the dynamic center, as I had promised; the impression was being reinforced by the one-note Republican attack that my budget plan was nothing but a big tax increase; and I had been blind to the considerable political obstacles I faced.

我觉得，问题的根源似乎有这么几个：白宫工作人员与华盛顿早已确立的权力中心打交道的经验太少，与它们建立的联系也过少；我们试图同时开展很多计划，让人觉得没有秩序，使人民无从得知我们实际取得的成绩；我们传达的信息不够明确，在一些别的方面较小的问题上，我显得是站在文化及政治左派的立场来管控，而不是像许诺过的那样，走具有活力的中间路线；共和党一成不变的抨击强化了这种印象，他们说我的预算方案只不过是一个大幅增税的方案；而且我没有看到自己所面对的不小的政治障碍。

The constitutionalism is based on a public sphere with negative law as rule, so that it transforms the allocation of the modern political value logically, i.e. traditionally ,only the reasonable value is legitimate, whereas in the constitutionalism, only the legitimate value is reasonable. In other words, it has changed the standard of value from the former positive logic, based on the moralization of human nature, to the negative one, based on the legalization of human nature. Rawls and Hayek demonstrate this logic conversion from different ways separately.

由于宪政的法律制度预设的乃是一个否定性的以法律为尺规的公共领域，因此就把近现代有关政治价值的定位从逻辑上进行了一番改造，即传统政治价值形态那里所表述的是，只有合理的价值才是合法的，而宪政的法律制度则反过来表述为，只有合法的价值才是合理的，或者说，它把价值标准从过去那种以人的本性的道义化为基础的肯定性逻辑，转变为以人的本性的合法性为基础的否定性逻辑。

At the end of 1970's, people were liberated from the crevice of the Political Revolution. With the transformation of socialism ideology system, the market economy developed quickly. The government hoped that goods stimulating could offset the people creasy to the political revolution and the nihility of the nation. After reviving of people's self consciousness, they self-thought themselves on the thinking and emphasized enchantment and wisdom of individual character more and more, and underlined more and more independence self-living habits and value system of realizing things. At the same time, the human beings had not existed as they jostled against each other.

70年代末把人从疯狂的政治革命夹缝中解脱出来，随着国家社会主义意识形态体制的转变，市场经济的发展迅速，政府机制希望通过物质刺激来抵消人民对政治革命的狂热性和民族的虚无性，人们自我意识的苏醒，在思想上反思以及生活中越来越强调个性的魅力和才智，人越来越独立自身的生存习性和认识事物的价值体系，在相互倾扎的同时人作为本身已经不存在。

And so I think they are concerned that on national security the Republicans could get the upper hand and hurt Obama politically.

所以我想，他们关注的是，在国家安全上，共和党人能占上风，在政治上伤害奥巴马。

The natural ties between Irishmen are indeed stronger than their political and religious divisions.

爱尔兰人尽管在政治上和宗教上存在分歧，但是他们之间却有着超过分歧的天然纽带。

In those days, such mutilations disqualified a person from both political and religious office, as well as disabling him from ever fighting in battle again.

在那个时代这种刑罚使一个人丧失政治、宗教上的职位，也使他无法再上战场。

It is both better politics and better economics to deal with the problem by facilitating failure than by subsidising it.

通过推动破产而不是援助来解决问题，无论是在政治上，还是在经济上，都能取得更好的效果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。