政治上

Basing on a variety of source material and research achievement home and aboard,this paper attempts to describe the origins of the catholic survivalism and growth through the rooted culture and faith system during the late Middle Age,inadequate colonization policies, uninterrupted contest and economic policics.It is an inflection of the economic and political interations between the edge areaand the core area and outbreak in the form of religion.

本文主要以原始档案为基础，同时借鉴其它国内外已有的研究成果，通过考察爱尔兰天主教问题的历史渊源、嬗变、勃兴和爱尔兰天主教激进化转型的历史过程，认为爱尔兰天主教能够在大英帝国得以生存并发展壮大，根源于爱尔兰中世纪后期根深蒂固的文化信仰体系、新教不完全征服政策、外部势力有力支持、天主教徒长期反抗和经济上的不平衡政策，这实质上是不列颠空间整合过程中，边缘地区与核心地区之间的经济政治互动以宗教形式的集中爆发。

Adams argued for a definition of civilization as a society with functionally interrelated sets of social institutions: class stratification based on the ownership and control of production, political and religious hierarchies complementing each other in the central administration of territorially organized states and lastly, a complex division of labor, with skilled workers, soldiers and officials existing alongside the great mass of peasant producers.

Adams 提出"文明"的定义应当是把它看成是一个社会，在其中有一套相互之间有机联系着的社会结构：基于产品所有者和控制者的等级阶层，在国家的核心管理上相互配合的政治阶层和宗教阶层，由技术工人、士兵和同绝大多数的农业生产者生存在一条水平线上的公务员所组成的复杂的劳动者联合体。

Will editors now debate whether showing more of them, or showing them uncropped (which, with some of the best-known images, like that of a hooded man on a box, gives a different and in some instances more appalling view), would be in "bad taste" or too implicitly political?

现在是否会有编辑提出展示更多照片，或不加修改的展示它们（那些最着名的图像，比如站在盒子上的蒙面人，给出一个与众不同并在某种程度上更骇人听闻的视角），将是一种"恶俗"或太具有政治暗示性？

What were some of the political and economic implications of the USSR's demographic difficulties?

苏联人口统计上的困难在政治与经济上有什么样的涵义？

September 27, 1949, New China was founded, in the first plenary session of the CPPCC, through the use of the world's common era calendar to the Gregorian calendar January 1 set for the New Year's Day, commonly known as the solar calendar years; who started the first lunar month is usually around the beginning of spring, thus the beginning of the Lunar New Year is definitely a "Spring Festival", commonly known as the lunar year.

1949年9月27日，新中国成立，在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上，通过了使用世界上通用的公历纪元，把公历的元月一日定为元旦，俗称阳历年；农历正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把农历正月初一定为"春节"，俗称阴历年。

The double status of a revolutionary soldier and a romantic literati dominated the amphibiousness of the left-wing romantic literati's personality.

以个性上义、自山干义为内核的浪漫梢神是左翼浪漫文人走上政治革命的起点，也是他们陷入两难境地的基囚，并山此导致了启蒙与革命的错位，个性与信仰的对立。

Especially in the issue of Taiwan, when Chinese deterrence strategy fails in terms of Taiwan, it may use coercive or annihilative strategies to achieve their political and military objectives.

尤其对台湾问题上，当中共对台湾的吓阻战略失效时，接著就可能运用强制性或歼灭性战略来达成其政治和军事上的目的。

For example, in one of the English classese in Canada last year, the instructor was talking about the world-frightening news, the Tian An Men event that happened in 1989, which was telling that the China government used the military power to bloodily suppress the students who were holding the campaign to seek the democracy. This event was so familiar to all of us Taiwanese, Japanese, and Korean students, but totally strange to those studnets from China.

举例来说，去年在加拿大念语言学校的某一堂课中，老师提到了1989年震惊全世界的天安门事件：中共政府运用军事武力血腥镇压追求民主政治的大学生，这件事在我们班上少数的台湾人，日本人，和韩国人都耳熟能详，但其余来自大陆的学生却是一脸困惑，后来一问才知道他们在这辈子，无论是在学校，在家里，在媒体，还是在书刊上，都完全没听说过这件事情。

When transaction efficiency is low, thescope and depth of humen interaction is low too, and political, economicand cultural relations is not compact with a local geographical extentlimited in each continent. Along with the advance of transactionefficiency, mankind cooperative relations depthen and go into an eraof globalization and world economic integration.

人类发展过程是人与人之间关系在广度与深度上不断扩展的过程，交易效率比较低时，人与人交往的深度与广度都较低，政治、经济、文化联系不紧密，地理范围上只局限于各大洲与地区；随着交往效率的提高，人类的分工合作关系加深，逐渐进入到全球化时代并迈向世界经济一体化。

Indeed, the most important geostrategic relationship of the 21st century is likely to be that of China and the US, because of their mutual economic dependence and potential strategic rivalry.

事实上，21世纪最重要的地缘政治关系可能在中美之间，因为它们经济上相互独立，且战略上有潜在的竞争。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。