政治上

China in 1949 to the end of 1950"s, which witnessed the first unprecedented outburst of political passion of Chinese youth, 2 the ten-year "Cultural Revolution period: when Chinese youth, driven by enthusiasm and blinded by flightiness and rashness, became politically naive and fanatical, 3 after the Third Session of the Eleventh Party Congress period: when political passion of Chinese youth, with the great tide of reform and open-door policy, came to a new surge, 4 the late 1980s period: when western modern ideas flooded into China, a student movement took place with impatience and negation of Chinese traditions and biased worship of western politics, and 5 the 1990s period: when Chinese youth discarded their restless state of mind started to take part in politics more maturely.

二是中国青年政治激情的辉煌与缺失，从五个阶段论述：中华人民共和国成立至五十年代末期，新中国青年政治激情的第一次空前大爆发；十年文化大革命时期，青年凭着青春的单纯和满腔的热情，带着相当程度的盲目与浮躁，最后导致政治上的狂热和幼稚；十一届三中全会以后，随着改革开放的大潮，中国青年的政治激情再次汹涌澎湃；80年代后期，随着西方现代社会思潮的涌入，急躁情绪、对传统的盲目否定，对西方政治的片面崇拜引发学潮；90年代青年政治参与的"躁动"心态明显减弱，青年参与社会政治的心态趋于成熟。

It's beautifully designed by political cartoonist Ralph Izzard and serves as a permanent record of your position on the Compass, and the political company you keep.

它美好地在指南针上被政治上漫画家拉尔夫 Z 字和作为一笔你的位置的长备记录的服务设计，和政治上的公司你保存。

The Essay is focused on the new election system of Japanese House of Representatives' to find out the roles of election system in Japan democratic Progress. To perfect the electoral system, Japan had mended its election system of the House of Representatives 14 times since 1889 till 1994. In 1993, some political issues, included the reform of election system, eventually led Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi to resign and ended the Liberal Democratic Party' 38-year-old reign, as well as the so-call"55 system（the party system of 1955）".During the past century, Japan has tried small, medium and large sized district systems, currently "First past the post with Proportional Representation System", to constitute a fair and better system which is expected to improve Japan's political environments and make voters trust the politics.

中文摘要本论文系以日本众议院新选举制度为研究之核心，探讨日本在其民主化过程中，选举制度所扮演之角色，日本为让选举制度更臻完善，自一八八九年起至一九九四年止，共计针对其众议院选举制度进行了十四次之修改，甚至於一九九三年，因选举制度等政治议题之改革，导致自由民主党之宫泽喜一内阁下台，结束该党长达三十八年之长期执政，日本政治上所谓「五五体制」亦至此宣告结束，过去百余年来日本先后实施过小选举区制、中选举区制、大选举区制及目前实施之小选举区比例代表并立制，其主要目的系为建构一套更公正、公平、优质之选举制度，让其政治更清明，让选民对政治更有信心。

Among the greatest successes of the Maoist movement has been to bring the autochthonous nationalities, women, and dalits in a very big way into the political process by genuinely articulating their needs, translating them into political demands and holding out the promise that these can be met in the near future.

毛主义运动在土著民族，妇女，贱民阶层那里获得了空前的胜利，毛主义者清楚的表达了他们的诉求，并把这种诉求成功地转化为政治上的要求，在这场况日空前的政治运动中，他们总是能够提出切近能实现的政治许诺。

China enters landlord economy feudal society, because want to break through rural commune,be --, the "nine squares" system --, manacle to what productivity develops, unite the world to be chance with business Yang political reform of Qin Guo and the Qin Dynasty consequently, in economically useless Jing Tian, open crisscross footpaths between fields, land civilian be able to buying and selling, change seigniorial economy is landlord economy, in political abandon county of county of feudal, buy, change aristocratic politics is bureaucratic politics.

中国进入地主经济封建社会，是由于要突破农村公社———井田制———对生产力发展的束缚，因而以秦国的商鞅变法和秦统一天下为契机，在经济上废井田、开阡陌、土地民得以买卖，变领主经济为地主经济，在政治上废封建、置郡县，变贵族政治为官僚政治。

The Cross-Strait relations are in a special status in a long time. The interactions between Taiwan and China in the economy are closely day by day, but in the politics are very different. China intervenes Taiwan in internationally again and again to unroll it's arrogance of power. And in Taiwan of DPP came into power past eight years, DPP highlighted the sovereignty question to avoide the breakdown of politics. Those made Taiwan and China to keep in addition kind of balance of 'closing economy, disaffecting polics'.

两岸关系长期以来处在一种特殊的情境之下，经济上双方的交流日益密切，甚至有形成共同体之趋势，但是在政治上，彼此的隔阂却日渐深化，彼岸一再打压，展现强权姿态，台湾在民进党执政八年期间，凸显主权问题，以防政治防线崩堤，危及其生存根本，使得双方保持著「经济拉近、政治疏远」的另类平衡。

The masses do not have economic power and lose their political protection, they are forced to become the subalterns in all aspects - economically, politically and morally.

群众本来就没有经济上的优势，接着又失去了政治上的庇护，结果，他们被逼向了底层——这是经济、政治、甚至道德意义上的最底层。

Politically, the thought on rural construction aims at the realization of political autonomy and democracy, fostering the consciousness of democracy in the hearts of Chinese peasants; economically, all experimental areas, guided by the thought, lead themselves to economic cooperation and the development of rural industry, making a significant tryout for the building of the modern economy in the rural area.The reflection on the modernization of rural social organizations and rural people leads to the understanding that the reconstruction of rural social organizations and the overall improvement of the peasants quality is the prerequisite of the modernization in the rural area. Meanwhile, this reflection helps to spread into the rural areas the conceptions of democracy and science.

民国乡村建设思想政治上以实现乡村政治的自治化和民主化为主要目标，培养了农民的民主意识；经济上引导乡村经济走合作化道路和开办乡村工业，为乡村现代经济的建设做出了有益的尝试；文化上关于乡村社会组织和人的现代化的思考，不仅让人们认识到农村社会组织重建和农民素质全方位的提高是乡村现代化的前提，而且也在一定程度上把民主和科学的理念传播到了乡村。

Carl Schmitt (1888-1985), the author of such books as Political Theology and The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy (both published in English by The MIT Press), was one of the leading political and legal theorists of the twentieth century.

提起浪漫主义，特别是政治浪漫主义，一般人总是以为它是对现代性的反动，它在思想上是理性主义的反题，在政治上是保守主义和反革命，在文化上则是中世纪基督教文化的余绪。

The imperial seat of the Habsburg court since the 17th century, Vienna was one of the world's most powerful cities, both culturally and politically, until World War I, when the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire left it humbled by the redefinition of Europe's political structure.

皇室所在地的哈布斯堡法院自17世纪，维也纳是世界上最强大的城市，在文化上和政治上，直到第一次世界大战时，解散奥匈帝国离开受宠若惊重新确定欧洲的政治结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。