政治

By analyzing the general theories of the political development path, the author emphatically investigates the basic problems of the Chinese political development path, and teases reasonedly its shaping trajectory. Accordingly, the author prospects the goal orientation and makes out path selections of Chinese political development in the 21st century.

本文通过对政治发展道路的一般理论进行分析后，着重考察了中国特色政治发展道路的基本问题，对中国特色政治发展道路的形成发展轨迹进行了详尽梳理，并拟在此基础上前瞻21世纪中国政治发展的目标取向和路径选择。

In the face of the complicated environment and the problem of political participation in network, we must search the measures to ensure the people participating the politics in network legally and reasoningly.

我国网络政治参与的发展现状也表明了对网络环境下政治参与进行研究和关注的重要性，同时，面对复杂的网络环境和网络政治参与所面临的一些问题，积极探究规范网络政治参与有序、良性的发展的措施也成为研究的必要内容。

Taking a view of Yan'An literature deciding by political for a example: the view of Yan'An literature decided by political is result by defects of two view between "literature is reflection of political" and "pure literature". Although it includes some positive features, it's ruddily and judgment feature in theory result in a new ideology.

以延安文学&政治决定论&的形成为例：延安文学&政治决定论&的形成是中国现代文学研究中的&政治反映论&和&纯文学&积弊的结果，其出现的合理性在于其对&政治反映论&的批判性，但其理论基础和研究格局的偏狭，以及对延安文学作品超越价值的压抑，使其成为延安文学研究中新的意识形态。

It hinders the aim and task of ideological political work to be realize d. To enhance the substantial results of ideological political work, we must per sist in the ideological line of seeking truth from reality and establish a corre ct guiding thought. To start from practice, we decide the contents of ideologica l work and unite it with its forms....

要提高思想政治工作的实效性，必须坚持实事求是的思想路线，树立正确的指导思想；从实际出发，确定思想政治工作的内容，做到内容与形式的统一；科学地评价思想政治工作的效果，提高思想政治工作队伍的整体素质。

Political development theory is an important field of modern behaviorism politics research,and concerns the translation process form the unadvanced political systems to advanced systems.

政治发展作为现代政治学的一个重要研究领域，主要研究不发达政治系统向发达政治系统变迁的过程，一般是指传统社会向现代化社会转化中政治领域发生的变化。

Due to the conformity of its political and constitutional philosophy, its uncentered position in the distribution of powers and sufficient political experiences and legal knowledge of its principal figures, Marshall's Court played an unrivaled role in propelling the enforcement of the Constitution. By interpreting the Constitution, they gradually acquired the status of ultimate judge in deciding the political framework, successfully converting the political designing into constitutional interpretation.

由于其政治哲学和宪法哲学的一致性，也由于其在国家权力结构中的边缘位置，由于其早期领导人物的丰富的政治经验和敏锐的政治判断以及精良的法律知识，联邦最高法院在马歇尔担任首席大法官期间对于推进联邦政制的实际落实起到了莫大的作用，他们以宪法解释为基本途径，获得了对于国家结构的终局裁判者的制度定位，从而将政治规划转变为宪法解释操作。

The practical countermeasure of Han Fei-zi's political thoughts focuses on two parts: First, on the relationship of political order and political justice, he insists on taking order first as the premise of political value; Second, to surviving and developing in a age of power campaign, domestic management and national power enhancement are extremely important, so he proposes (1) Enriching Nation and Strengthening Army, Attaching Great Importance to Agriculture and Restraining Commerce;(2) Punishing Arrogated Minister, Strictly Enforcing the Judicial Reforms, and Changing habits and customs.

韩非子政治思想的现实对策主要包括两个方面的内容：其一，在政治秩序与政治正义之间的关系问题上，主张&秩序优先&前提下实现政治价值；其二，欲在&争于气力&生存与发展，强调内政治理、增强国力的极端重要性，主张(1)富国强兵，重农抑商，(2)惩治重臣，厉行法治，移风易俗。

The three novels catch hold of the kernel of contradictory political forces, and reveal the conflicting relationship between the factors of the desires for power in English cultural tradition, and refract the paradoxes formed from the unsolvable problems in the political modernization: the modernization in England upgraded prolificacy with an unprecedented speed, offering opportunities of emancipation of personal desires, the appealing to personal power in politics pressed for a breakthrough in the traditional political setups, leading reform to modernization, which emancipated political forces, aggrandized political rights, and satisfied some people\'s desire for power in a certain extent.

这三部小说抓住了现代化进程中各种政治力量的相互矛盾这个核心，揭示了英国传统文化中欲望力量诸因素相互冲突的关系，折射了政治现代化难以解决的矛盾所形成的悖论：一方面，英国现代化进程前所未有地提升了生产力，使人的个性解放成为可能，个人权利的诉求迫切要求冲破传统的政治格局，使政治通过改革走向现代化。

The pan-political allegorizing historical drama is the cultural expense principle and the political enlightenment principle marvelous mix, through to populace politics psychology's unblocking and to the political ecology unbalanced adjustment, consolidated the populace to lead the ideology to give loyalty to the official under the emperor to relate.

泛政治寓言化历史剧是文化消费主义与政治教化主义的奇妙混合，通过对民众政治心理的疏导和对政治生态失衡的调整，巩固了大众对主导意识形态的效忠臣属关系。

With these differences, however, that in the East aristocracies became religious, in the West civil or political, the proposition that a historical era of aristocracies succeeded a historical era of heroic kings may be considered as true, if not of all mankind, at all events of all branches of the Indo-European family of nations.

在东方，贵族政治成为宗教的，而在西方，贵族政治成为民事的或政治的，虽然有着这些区别，但是，在一个英雄国王历史时代的后面跟着来了一个贵族政治的历史时代，这样一个命题是可以被认为正确的，纵使并不对于全人类都是如此，但无论如何，对于印度—欧罗巴（Indo－ European）系各国是一概可以适用的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。