政治

Through political participation, not only can Non-CPC intellectuals express their wills to government and appeal to the government behavior accord with the public opinions, but also can they learn knowledge about democracy, skills and civism which an indispensable factor for the modern democracy.

通过政治参与，党外知识分子不仅可以表达对政府政策的意愿和要求使政府的行为符合民意，而且可以通过政治参与学习民主的知识、技能以及现代民主不可或缺的公民精神。

It is necessary to foster citizen's civism such as subject spirit, concepts of rights and obligations, sense of equality, concepts of democracy and legal system, public rationality, and social ethics in an effort to realize the modernization of human being, to promote the harmonious development of society, economy and politics in the aspects of developing market economy, promoting democracy and strengthening the civic culture, and developing social organizations.

从发展市场经济、推进民主政治建设、加强公民文化教育、培育社会组织等方面培育我国社会成员的主体意识、平等意识、权利与义务观念、民主法制观念、公共理性、公德意识等公民精神，是实现人的现代化，促进社会、经济与政治的协调和谐发展的必要。

From the first chapter to the forth chapter, it summarizes four France capitalistic ideas on equality: the idealistic equality, the empirical equality, the systematized equality, and the singular equality. Then, it can be explored minutely from representative character, advance presupposition, doctrinal content, objective state, practical counterpoint, institutional embodiment, the tend of practice, theory extending and so on. In the fifth chapter, it researches into their contradiction and contestation between the four equalities, indicates their class-conscious essence, and tries to find out a direction to sole these questions. In the sixth chapter, as the intrinsic tendency of soling these deep-seated contradictions of the four equalities, the paper traces the process of France communism from chimerical idea to scientific theory, so that it can point out a gospel: the scientific socialism is the one and only way to surmount these embarrassments of capitalistic theories on equality. At the last chapter, according to our reviews about theories of equality during the hundred years in France, it can conclude some political apocalypse from our history. Owning the wisdom, we could choose our road to the equality, by using these experiences in the west political histories.

第一章到第四章，总结了带有法国资本主义特征的四种平等思想：法国理想平等观、法国经验平等观、法国体系平等观和法国单元平等观，并在代表人物、前提预设、学说内容、目标状态、现实对应、制度体现及其实践倾向和理论扩展等方面进行细致化地考察；第五章，探析四种平等观之间的内在矛盾和论争，指出其学说的阶级本质，同时试图探寻解决问题的方向；第六章，作为解决以上四种平等观之间深层矛盾的内在趋向，文章考察了法国共产主义平等思想由空想向科学的发展，进而指出只有科学社会主义才能走出资本主义平等理论的泥沼；在文章的最后，本文依据对法国百年平等思想史的考察，总结出历史所带给我们的政治启示，以使我们用西方政治的历史经验来选择我们自己的平等之路！

However, there is an essential difference between Marxist political economics and the capital theory in the classical economics.

马克思主义政治经济学是在批判地继承其前人尤其是古典政治经济学的基础上建立起来的，其资本一般理论更是如此。

In classis theory of civil society, civil society refers to civilization whose opposite is wild society; it is not distinct from political society, the same as political society and civilization.

在古典市民社会理论中，市民社会是指与野蛮社会相对的文明社会；并且与政治社会没有区分，也就是它与政治社会、文明社会属于同一概念。

The new administration will push for clean politics and set strict standards for the integrity and efficiency of officials.

新政府将树立廉能政治的新典范，严格要求官员的清廉与效能，并重建政商互动规范，防范金权政治的污染。

Rather he should continue to act as a pressure group for the political parties to clean up their politics, which has been polluted through the use of black money and muscle power over the years.

他更应该继续作为一个压力团体，敦促政党做到政治廉洁--多年来，因黑钱和权力的运用，政治已是肮脏不堪。

Not only the class polarization in the process of Hans migration localization accelerated the development of landlord economy, but also accelerated the social changes of Yunnan. Especially, Hans migration accelerated that the clerisy class diffusely rose, improved the population diathesis and exerted a great influence in Yunnan society. All stroke Tu Si politics and established region base, economy base, thinking base and culture base for unify politics.

汉族移民进入云南促使汉族人口急剧增长；形成了民族杂居、民族融合；导致了汉化倾向更加明显；推动封建地主经济迅速发展并冲击土司政治的经济基础；引起了云南知识分子士绅阶层的兴起、汉文化和儒学的广泛传播、以"大一统"为核心的中华整体发展观深入各民族人心等因素的共同作用，从而奠定云南更全面地实行一体统一政治的地域基础、经济基础和思想文化基础，推进云南社会与祖国内地整体发展步伐的加快。

Owning to the power to control and distribute key political resources, the ruling party-state use this privilege to take political arrangement with co-optation character, and propel party organization building in private enterprises.

由于党和国家拥有关键性政治资源的掌握权和分配权，它们采取了带有"精英吸纳"性质的政治安排制度，以及在私营企业推行执政党的组织建设。

It may also coarsen the tone of political debate, worries Stuart Rothenberg, a political analyst.

它可能会令政治辩论的表达方式更为粗俗随意，政治分析家斯图亚特？罗森伯格担忧地认为。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。