政治

Jean Bodin (1530-1596) is the political theorist in the sixteenth century. His contribution to the political thought is focused on his theory of state, especially on his theory of sovereignty. In this treatise, the author tries to explain his theory of state systematically, based on the former study. It will include the origin of state, conception of state, end of state, theory of sovereignty and so on .

16世纪法国政治思想家让·布丹（Jean Bodin 1530－1596）在西方政治思想史上的贡献主要集中在他的国家理论，尤其是他的国家主权理论中，本文则试图在总结前人研究成果的基础上，系统论述布丹的国家理论，包括国家的起源、国家的目的、国家主权理论和政体理论等，使其国家理论更加完整，并客观评价他在西方政治思想史上的地位。

The pursuit of peace, politics, war is terrible, breach of the peace politics is bitter

政治追求和平的政治，战争是可怕的，破坏和平的政治是痛恨的。

We must conquer the contrary mentality which exists in ideological and political education in order that we can bring ideological and political education into effect.

为了顺利开展思想政治教育工作，使思想政治教育工作达到预期效果，就必须克服思想政治教育工作中存在的"逆反心理"现象。

The broadening of political participation and democratization of political life is one of the important objectives of political development.

政治参与的扩大和政治生活的民主化是政治发展的重要目标之一。

But over the past several days, we have seen a serious split in Taiwanese society, with politicians and political parties disrupting societal order for political gain, all major media outlets pursuing their respective political agendas under the guise of reporting the news, and the abuse of state authority under the guise of "public safety" to brutalize people wishing only to peacefully express their opinions.

但，过去数日，我们看到台湾社会严重分裂，政治人物与政党为政治利益作出危害社会秩序之决策，各大媒体为政治立场假新闻公正之名行利己之实，国家公权力以「维安」之名，以粗暴过当的方式对待许多和平表达意见者。

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regime's bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regimes bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

John Campi, vice president for promotion and community affairs at The Daily News, one of the listed sponsors, said the newspaper's sponsorship involved trading a one-page ad in the paper for a Daily News ad on the back cover of the program."I had heard that they were connected with a political group, and I said if this show is political, I'm not getting into it," he said."And they said it wasn't."

每日新闻》日报是演出赞助商之一，该报宣传和社区事务的副总裁John Campi 说，该报以一个整版广告交换演出场刊封底版面，他说："我曾听说他们与某个政治团体有联系，我告诉他们主办单位，如果他们有政治目的，我就不会参加，他们则说他们演出没有政治。"

This is a reminder that Chartism was more than just a political movement, and that the recent tendency to reduce it to a set of political goals, and to analyse its language in political terms, is therefore reductive and distorting.

有必要提醒的是：宪章运动不仅是一场政治运动。最近有一种对它进行简单化和歪曲的趋势，说它有一套政治目标，并用政治术语来分析它的语言。

There are two absolute converse attitudes about sustained development of social economic among the classis economist, one is Adam Smith as the delegation of pessimist, the other is Malthus as the delegation of pessimist. Marx and Engles developed the continuous development by summarizing others' thinking, but the next economists discarded the theory of Marx after October Liberation in Russia and Chinese Liberation got success. Serious fact tells us: Political economics can't discard the concept of sustained development which the basic theory in political economics.

古典经济学家对社会经济的可持续性问题存在着两种截然不同的看法，一种是以亚当斯密为代表的乐观派，一种是以马尔萨斯为代表的悲观派；马克思、恩格斯在总结前人思想的基础上，发展了可持续发展思想；但是，苏联十月革命胜利和中国革命胜利后的政治经济学却舍弃了马克思恩格斯的这些思想；严酷的现实告诉我们，政治经济学不能抛弃可持续发展观念，可持续发展应当是政治经济学的一个基本思想。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。