政治

Part three: Political participation is not only the objective of political development, but also the acc

政治参与既是政治发展的目标，又是政治发展的助推器。

The harmonious society is the Eastern China's political ideological trend and polotical advocation,which including many aspects such as politics,economy,culture,society content and so on.

和谐社会是东方中国的政治思潮与政治主张，其涉及领域极广，包括政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的内容。

The differencebetween Intro-state politics and inter-states politics lays in the anarchical states and alternateuse of strategy and diplomacy in the international relations.

国际政治与国内政治的不同在于国际政治关系的无政府状态以及外交和战略的交替使用。

His methods of working include method of coming from the mass and working among the mass, that of stereotypical model, that of political mobilization, that of analysis like that of anatomization of a sparrow, that of combination of political work and administrative work, and combination of ideological-political work and practical work in all fields, etc.

思想方法包括：阶级和阶层分析的方法，矛盾分析的方法，实践第一和理论与实践相结合的方法；人民至上的价值选择和价值判断方法；工作方法包括：从群众中集中起来又回到群众中坚持下去的方法，典型示范的方法，政治动员的方法，解剖麻雀的方法，政治工作与行政手段相结合的方法，思想政治工作同不同领域具体业务工作结合的方法等。

His methods of thinking contain methods for analysis of social classes and groups, and contradictions, practice first and combination of theory and practice; methods of value choice of people's benefits above all else and value judgment. His methods of working include method of coming from the mass and working among the mass, that of stereotypical model, that of political mobilization, that of analysis like that of anatomization of a sparrow, that of combination of political work and administrative work, and combination of ideological-political work and practical work in all fields, etc.

思想方法包括：阶级和阶层分析的方法，矛盾分析的方法，实践第一和理论与实践相结合的方法；人民至上的价值选择和价值判断方法；工作方法包括：从群众中集中起来又回到群众中坚持下去的方法，典型示范的方法，政治动员的方法，解剖麻雀的方法，政治工作与行政手段相结合的方法，思想政治工作同不同领域具体业务工作结合的方法等。

The first was authoritarianism, including its concept, the characters and types of East Asia's authoritarianism.

在这一节中介绍并总结了威权政治的概念、东亚威权政治的特征及类型，分析了东亚威权政治产生的背景及根源。

Political corruption negatively influences the development of healthy psychology of democracy and reduces the effectiveness and authoritativeness of a democratic system.

民主既是政治发展的目的，也是政治发展的手段、方法，政治腐败从多个方面制约着民主的前进，造成了民主贫穷。

The main points of view of this dissertation include:1、All kinds of economic behaviors of Chinese local government are its inevitable choice because of dual attributes resulted in the economic and political competitions.2、The total characteristics of the economic behaviors of Chinese local government are of game、un-normative、market and short-eyesight.3、The economic behaviors of Chinese local government in the vertical perspective can be depicted as economic competitions and political compliance.

在此基础上，提出了规范中国地方政府经济行为的对策建议。本文的主要观点包括：1、中国地方政府表现出的种种经济行为是处在经济和政治双重竞争环境中从而具有经济和政治双重属性的必然选择。2、中国地方政府经济行为的总体特征是博弈性、非规范性、市场性和短期性。3、纵向关系中的中国地方政府经济行为可以描述为经济抗衡与政治服从。

The political compliance restrains the economic competitions.4、The economic behaviors of Chinese local government in the horizontal perspective can be depicted as economic competitions and political competitions.

政治服从制约和限制了经济抗衡，即政治属性约束了经济属性。4、横向关系中的中国地方政府经济行为可以描述为经济竞争与政治晋升角逐。

Based on thoroughly research, the author draws some following conclusions:(1) the origin of new bilateralism in Asia-Pacific is that each country altered its trade policy to maximize its gains from trade when they faced common external shocks, which is not only to satisfy the restrains of internationally political and economic environments but also to help each government to balance internal political economy when they implement trade liberalization;(2) it has been a common trade policy for each country in Asia-Pacific to set up bilateral trade agreements as soon as possible and as much as possible to obtain hub position in the network of bilateralism;(3) with the inevitable spread of bilateralism, China, as a developing large trade economy, should take first start to guide a favorable process of regional economic integration depending on its booming economy, large domestic market, cheap labor price and abundant natural resources in aim to get much more benefits and advantages.

经过笔者研究，《亚太新双边主义的政治经济学分析》一文得到如下结论：其一，亚太新双边主义的兴起是20世纪末亚太地区各经济体在面临外部冲击的情况下，权衡内部政治经济，选择在当前国际政治经济环境的约束下能够最大化自身利益的贸易政策的必然结果；其二，尽可能快尽可能多地签订双边自由贸易协定，谋求新双边主义中的"轮轴国"地位已经成为各经济体今后较长时间内对外贸易政策的共识；其三，区域经济一体化中的新双边主义趋势已经不可避免，中国作为发展中的贸易大国，应该凭借不断增长的经济、广阔的国内市场、廉价的国内劳动力和丰富的国内资源，发挥先发优势，谋求以我为主的区域经济一体化进程，争取有利的战略地位和更多的利益。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。