政府官员

The dangers of China's boozy cadre culture are back in the spotlight after one official died and another fell into a coma in separate incidents last week.

在上周分别发生的一名政府官员喝酒致死和另外一名喝酒至昏迷的事件曝光之后，中国政府官员酒桌文化又一次引起关注。

Though they are always economically harmful, if not destructive, they have at least a political advantage from the standpoint of the officeholders.By implication they put the blame for higher prices on the greed and rapacity of businessmen, instead of on the inflationary monetary policies of the officeholders themselves.

虽说管制物价在经济上一定有害，甚至是破坏性的，不过对于政府官员至少具有一项政治上的好处——管制价格等于暗示物价上涨应归咎于企业家的贪婪，官员们往往只字不提政府实行的货币政策才是造成通货膨胀压力的主要原因。

Author puts forward a new concept about regional administrative action for the first time, and analyzes primary seeking of interest that could be inter factor as choice of act through interest analysis way. The result indicates that the seeking self-concern of local government's officials combine the political interest and economic interest faultlessly. There are contorted regional administrative actions by those seeking in Chinese actual state. In order to limit the seeking self-concern of local government's officials, it is necessary to use institutional balance, the fruition of human political experience and existent kingdom, to rectify the regional administrative of local government from the aspect of perfect system.

本文提出区际行政行为的研究，运用利益分析的方法，通过对作为行为选择内因的主体利益追求进行了深入的分析，认为地方政府官员的自利追求，体现了地方政府所追求的政治收益与经济收益的完美结合，在中国现有的制度环境下，催生了扭曲的区际行政行为，从制度完善入手，运用制度制衡这一人类政治经验与生存智慧的结晶，变功利主义的政府行为模式为契约式的行为模式，在宪政制度的责任政府中培养前瞻式的政府管理新理念，从而促进区际政府间合作，矫正地方政府扭曲的区际行政行为。

The death of the ministers is a big blow to a government already struggling to keep its less stoical ministers and parliamentarians in the country.

官员的遇难使得索马里政府更难留住该国本就很少的坚定的政府官员和国会议员。

Therefore, the author, taking reference to relevant research made by western scholars, analyzes the profound historical and realistic root of Chinese government voidance from such aspects as the ideology origin, the government scale, government conduct, public serviceman quality, the assessment and reward and punishment mechanism and the relation between central and local government, to name a few.

为此，论文结合西方学者政府失效的有关理论的论述，从思想根源、政府机构规模、政府行为、公务员自身素质、政府官员的考核奖惩机制、中央与地方关系等方面，剖析我国政府失效深刻的历史、现实的根源。

Through the project, we confabulated with local officials many times, and we gave these up-and-coming officials our reasonable suggestions on how to solve local necessary problems.

通过本项目，我们多次和当地政府官员对话交流，为这些积极进取的政府官员们出谋划策，针对如何解决当地这些非常有必要处理的问题，我们提出了自己的合理建议。

Participants included: local government officials; civil servants from most state governments and from several ministries of the federal government; land registration officers; lawyers, judges and prosecutors for the government; urban planners; members of NGOs and associations; and residents in favelas, irregular land sub-divisions and quilombos (areas occupied by the descendants of former slaves, who had been set free in the late 1880s, had left the countryside and had nowhere to live in the urban areas).

包括的参与者：当地政府官员；来自大多数州政府和一些联邦政府部门的公务员；土地登记官员；律师，法官和政府检举人；城市规划者；民间组织和协会的成员；贫民区，不规律土地细分和奴隶区（从前19世纪80年代后期解放的奴隶的后裔，因为留在乡村并在城市区域里没有居住地方而占据的地区）的居民。

Film industry officials who were briefed on the government's decision said the Chinese officials expressed concern that the public might react negatively to a movie featuring China's best-known actresses as geishas, whom many Chinese consider to be prostitutes.

被通知政府决定的影业官员表示，中国政府官员对影片中4位着名的华裔女星出演日本艺伎可能引起的公众负面反应表示关注，而日本艺伎被许多中国人认为是妓女。

The question for us is, how shall our series of governments within governments be so administered that it shall always be to the interest of the public officer to serve, not his superior alone but the community also, with the best efforts of his talents and the soberest service of his conscience?

我们面前的问题是，要使政府官员经常感兴趣的是尽他的才智做最大的努力，用他的良心做最大的服务，不仅为他的上级而且为他的社会尽力。我们的政府及其各级政府怎样才能通过给予政府官员大量生活费用补助，来使这种服务引起他最普遍的兴趣？

Purging suspect officials only to replace them with party placemen is not going to deliver these. Nor will political misuse of the intelligence services make them any cleaner.

将涉嫌腐败的政府官员清除并用政党的傀儡官员替代其位并不能解决问题的根本；同样，将情报机构的作用滥用于为政府服务也不会让波兰政府更加明镜高悬。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。